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Ionic liquids as solvents for biopolymers: Acylation of starch and zein protein |
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| Authors: | Atanu Biswas RL Shogren DG Stevenson JL Willett Pradip K Bhowmik |
| Institution: | aPlant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/Agricultural Research Services, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA bCereal Products and Food Science Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA/Agricultural Research Services, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA cDepartment of Chemistry, University of Nevada at Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA |
| Abstract: | Biopolymers such as starch and zein protein were found to be soluble at 80 °C in ionic liquids such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (BMIMdca) in concentrations up to 10% (w/w). Higher concentrations of biopolymers in these novel solvents resulted in solutions with too high viscosity to stir. Solutions of both starch and zein in BMIMCl were acylated with anhydrides in presence of pyridine to give acetyl starch and benzoyl zein with various degrees of substitution. Without pyridine the acylation reaction did not proceed. 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies were used to determine the degree of substitution of starch. Viscosity studies indicated that the starch underwent slight reduction in molecular weight during the course of acylation. Starch was also soluble in other non-conventional solvents such as choline chloride/oxalic acid and choline chloride/ZnCl2. However, zein was insoluble in these solvents. |
| Keywords: | Ionic liquid Starch Zein Acetylation Low melting Deep eutectic mixtures |
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