The differentiation of normal and muscle-free distal chick limb bud mesenchyme in micromass culture |
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| Authors: | C P Cottrill C W Archer A Hornbruch L Wolpert |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anatomy and Biology as Applied to Medicine, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, Cleveland Street, London, England;2. The Institute of Orthopaedics, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, England;1. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Centro Politécnico, PO Box 19081, Postal Code: 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;2. Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Barão Geraldo, PO Box 6109, Postal Code: 13083-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil;2. Life Sciences Institute and Departments of Pharmacology, Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;4. Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI;1. Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK;3. Department of Chemistry, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130;4. Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110;5. Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110;6. Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110 |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Distal chick wing bud mesenchyme from stages 19 to 27 embryos has been grown in micromass culture. The behavior of cultures comprising mesenchyme located within 350 microns of the apical ectodermal ridge (distal zone mesenchyme) was compared to that of cultures of the immediately proximal mesenchyme (subdistal zone cultures). In cultures of the distal mesenchyme from stages 21-24 limbs, all of the cells stained immunocytochemically for type II collagen within 3 days, indicating ubiquitous chondrogenic differentiation. At stage 19 and 20, this behavior was only observed in cultures of the distal most 50-100 microns of the limb bud mesenchyme. Between stages 25 and 27, distal zone cultures failed to become entirely chondrogenic. At all stages, subdistal zone cultures always contained substantial areas of nonchondrogenic cells. The different behavior observed between distal zone and corresponding subdistal zone cultures appears to be a consequence of the presence of somite-derived presumptive muscle cells in the latter, since no such difference was observed in analagous cultures prepared from muscle-free wing buds. The high capacity of the distal zone for cartilage differentiation supports a view of pattern formation in which inhibition of cartilage is an important component. However, its consistent behavior in vitro indicates that micromass cultures do not reflect the in vivo differences between the distal zones at different stages. The subdistal region retains a high capacity of cartilage differentiation and the observed behavior in micromass reflects interactions with a different cell population. |
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