海口市海岸带近30年土地利用变化的景观生态风险评价

采用海口市海岸带1988、2000、2009、2017年4期土地利用矢量数据，运用格网GIS法、Kriging内插法构建景观生态风险指数模型，对海口市海岸带进行景观生态风险综合评价。结果表明：（1）各景观面积波动较大，景观类型以建设用地和耕地为主；（2）2000-2017年间人类活动对景观的干扰最为强烈，各景观的分离度、干扰度、脆弱度最大值均在此时域内出现；（3）研究时域内研究区的平均生态风险值由0.3424增加到0.4468；生态风险等级总体呈低等级向高等级转移的趋势，空间分布呈中部向东西、内陆向沿海递减的趋势，高等级的风险区逐渐朝沿海地区蔓延；较高和高生态风险区主要分布在海口建成区、南渡江沿岸、美兰机场、红树林保护区以及三江镇国营农场附近；（4）城市建设和临港产业的发展导致绿地、水域面积减少且分布趋于破碎、分离，是研究区生态风险值总趋势呈增高的主要原因。研究结果可为海口市海岸带景观格局的优化、土地资源的保护和可持续发展方面提供科学依据。

Landscape ecological risk assessment of land use changes in the coastal area of Haikou City in the past 30 years

Coastal zone, a key area for human settlement and development of economic, has been affected to a certain extent with human activities and rapid urbanization, resulting in landscape pattern changes and environment deterioration. This research field has become the study hotspot of many scholars. Based on ArcGIS and Fragstats, four phases of land use vector data of Haikou coastal zone in 1988, 2000, 2009 and 2017 have been processed. Furthermore, with the help of grid GIS method and Kriging interpolation method, the landscape ecological risk index model has been set up. Thus, we comprehensively evaluated the landscape ecological risk of the coastal zone of Haikou City. The results showed that: (1) the landscape area varied greatly and the main landscape type was construction and the cultivated land. (2) Human activities had the strongest interference to the landscape between 2000 and 2017, and the maximum value of separation, interference and vulnerability appeares in this time. (3) The average ecological risk in the study area increased from 0.3424 to 0.4468. The transformation of ecological risk level was generally from low to high. In addition, the spatial distribution presented a decreasing trend from the middle to the east-west and inland to the coast, as well as the high-level risk areas gradually spread to the coast. The area with high and extremely high ecological risk were mainly distributed in the Haikou Built-up Area, the Nandu River bank, Meilan Airport, Mangrove Reserve, and the State Farm in Sanjiang Town. (4) The main reason for the increased ecological risk values is the area of green space and water is reduced and the distribution tends to fragment and separate, as the development of city and port industry. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for optimization of the landscape pattern, protection of land resources and sustainable development in the coastal zone of Haikou City.