Cancer incidence and mortality after low-dosage radiation exposure: Epidemiological aspects |
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Authors: | Vaiserman A M Mekhova L V Koshel N M Voitenko V P |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA;(2) Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA |
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Abstract: | Current recommendations for limiting exposure to ionizing radiation are based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model for radiation
carcinogenesis under which every dose, no matter how low, bears some cancer risk. In this review, epidemiological evidence
is discussed that the LNT hypothesis is incorrect at low doses. A large set of data was accumulated that show that cancer
risk after ordinarily encountered radiation exposure (natural background radiation, medical X-rays, etc.) is much lower than
estimates based on the LNT model. The discovery of low-level radiation hormesis (stimulating effect) implies a non-linear
dose-response curve in the low-dosage region. Further studies in this field will provide new insights into the mechanisms
of radiation carcinogenesis. |
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