九连山次生阔叶林幼苗生长对氮磷添加的响应

以亚热带森林的幼苗群落为对象,设置对照(CK)、氮添加(100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)、磷添加(50 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1)和氮+磷添加(100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1+50 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1)4种处理的施肥样地,测定幼苗的株高、地径、冠幅、比叶面积、死亡率等指标,研究氮磷添加下幼苗的生长与群落结构的变化及其驱动力。结果表明: 与未施肥相比,磷添加下幼苗的株高增长率、地径增长率分别显著下降45.1%和30.3%;主要建群树种死亡率受到施肥的影响,氮添加显著增加米槠幼苗死亡率至25.1%,氮磷施肥显著提高丝栗栲死亡率至25.1%~31.3%,而氮添加、磷添加显著降低了木荷和润楠的死亡率;施肥显著降低了幼苗群落中木荷和丝栗栲的重要值,氮添加、磷添加显著增加了润楠幼苗的重要值。氮+磷添加显著降低了幼苗群落的Shannon指数、Simpson指数;幼苗生长主要受到土壤铵态氮、有效磷、全氮、林冠开度及比叶面积的影响,而幼苗死亡率主要受到土壤铵态氮、有效磷和林冠开度的影响。综合来看,氮磷添加主要通过调控土壤氮磷速效养分,进而改变叶片功能性状来影响幼苗的生长;加速外生菌根树种(米槠和丝栗栲)的死亡,改变幼苗群落建群种的重要值,降低物种多样性, 最终可能改变亚热带次生阔叶林成年树的群落结构。

Responses of seedling growth in subtropical secondary broad-leaved forest to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in Jiulian Mountain,China

An experiment with four treatments of control (CK), N addition (100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1), P addition (50 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1) and N + P (100 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1 + 50 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1) were conducted to examine the responses of plant height, ground diameter, crown width, specific leaf area, and mortality of seedlings to N and P addition. Under P addition, growth rates of plant height and ground diameter of seedlings decreased significantly by 45.1% and 30.3%, respectively. Fertilization affected the mortality of main constructive tree species. N addition significantly increased seedling mortality of Castanopsis carlesii to 25.1%. Fertilization treatment significantly increased mortality of Castanopsis fargesii to 25.1%-31.3%, while N addition and P addition signi-ficantly reduced mortality of Schima superba and Machilus nanmu. Fertilization significantly decreased the importance value of S. superba and C. fargesii in the seedling community. N addition and P addition significantly increased the importance value of M. nanmu seedling. The combined N and P addition significantly decreased Shannon index and Simpson index of the seedling community. Seedling growth was mainly affected by soil ammonium, available phosphorus, total nitrogen, canopy openness, and specific leaf area. Seedling mortality was mainly affected by soil ammonium, available phosphorus and canopy openness. Synthetically, N and P addition affected seedling growth mainly by regulating soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability and changing leaf functional trait. It accelerated the death of ectomycorrhizal tree species (C. carlesii and C. fargesii), changed the importance value of constructive species in seedling community, reduced species diversity, and ultimately changed community structure of adult trees in subtropical secondary broad-leaved forest.