鄂西南不同区域亮叶桦种群结构与动态特征

对鄂西南木林子、七姊妹山、金子山3个区域亮叶桦种群进行调查,划分种群龄级和高度级,绘制种群结构图。采用空间代替时间的方法,编制各区域亮叶桦种群的静态生命表,绘制存活曲线、死亡率曲线和消失率曲线,应用4个生存分析函数分析不同区域亮叶桦种群动态。结果表明: 3个区域的亮叶桦种群均属增长型,高度级结构较为完整,七姊妹山和金子山种群龄级结构有不同程度的缺失;数量变化动态指数V_pi＞0,但对外界干扰比较敏感。静态生命表表明,亮叶桦种群不同龄级的存活量差别较大,随龄级增加而逐渐减少;存活曲线趋近于Deevey-Ⅱ型;死亡率和消失率曲线变化趋势基本一致,但存在不同程度的波动。不同区域亮叶桦种群均具有前期锐减、中后期动态稳定的特征。

Structure and dynamic characteristics of Betula luminifera populations in different regions of Southwest Hubei Province,China

We investigated Betula luminifera populations in three regions (Mulinzi, Qizimei Mountains, and Jinzi Mountains) in the southwest Hubei Province, China. Population structure was divided by age classes and height classes. Population structure figures were drawn. The static life tables of B. luminifera populations in different regions were analyzed using the method of substitution of space for time. The survival curve, mortality rate curve and disappearance rate curve were created. Four functions of survival analysis were used to analyze the dynamics of B. luminifera population in different regions. The results showed that the B. luminifera populations in three regions were the increasing type. The height class structures were relatively complete. Some age classes were absent from the age structures of B. luminifera populations in Qizimei Mountains and Jinzi Mountains. Although the dynamic index of trees number V_pi＞0, but it was sensitive to external disturbance. The survival of B. luminifera of different age classes varied greatly in static life table, which gradually decreased with increasing age class, with Deevey-type Ⅱ survival curve. The trend of mortality rate changed similarly to the disappearance rate, but fluctuated differently. All B. luminifera populations in different regions appeared to decrease in the early stage and keep dynamically stable in the medium-late stage.