资源型地区工业集聚对生态效率的影响——基于我国9个典型资源型省份的实证研究

资源型地区生态环境与工业经济发展之间的矛盾异常突出。本研究以2006—2015年山西、内蒙古、黑龙江、贵州、云南、陕西、青海、宁夏和新疆9个典型资源型省份为样本,深入研究专业化、相关多样化和无关多样化等不同类型工业集聚对资源型地区生态效率的影响及作用机制。结果表明: 专业化集聚对生态效率具有显著的负向影响,除宁夏以外,多数资源型省份的工业专业化程度呈下降趋势,有利于生态效率的提高。相关多样化集聚对生态效率的影响呈“U”型曲线,山西、青海和宁夏的工业相关多样化程度小于临界值1.49,抑制了生态效率的提高;其他省份已跨越拐点,对生态效率的提升作用已经显现。无关多样化对生态效率具有负向影响,山西、贵州、陕西和黑龙江等省的工业无关多样化程度略有下降,有利于生态效率的提高;其他省份则明显上升,不利于生态效率的改善。研究结论可为资源型地区工业绿色转型路径选择和相关政策制定提供理论依据。

Impacts of industrial agglomeration on eco-efficiency in resource-based areas: An empirical study based on nine typical resource-based provinces in China

The contradiction between ecological environment and industrial economic development is extremely prominent in resource-based areas. We conducted an in-depth research on the effects and mechanisms of different types of industrial agglomeration on eco-efficiency in nine typical resource-based provinces (Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang) from 2006 to 2015, including specialization, related and unrelated diversification. The results showed that the specialization had a negative impact on eco-efficiency. The industrial specialization degree of all provinces except Ningxia showed a downward trend, which was conducive to the improvement of eco-efficiency. The impacts of related diversification on eco-efficiency were characterized by a U-shaped curve. The degrees of related diversification in Shanxi, Qinghai and Ningxia were less than the critical value of 1.49, which inhibited the improvement of eco-efficiency. Other provinces had crossed the inflection point, with a promotion role of related diversification on eco-efficiency. The unrelated diversification had a negative impact on eco-efficiency. The degrees of unrelated diversification in Shanxi, Guizhou, Shaanxi, and Heilongjiang declined slightly, which was conducive to the improvement of eco-efficiency. In other provinces, the unrelated diversification increased significantly, which was not conducive to the improvement of eco-efficiency. Our results could provide theoretical basis for path selection and policy formulation of industrial green transformation in resource-based regions.