黄海近岸海域蓝点马鲛产卵场分布及其环境特征

蓝点马鲛是黄海最重要的经济鱼类之一,为及时掌握其产卵生境特征及早期资源动态,本文根据2015年和2017年5月下旬2个航次的黄海近岸海域产卵场调查数据,采用服从Tweedie分布的广义相加模型(GAM)对蓝点马鲛鱼卵数据进行了分析。结果表明: 蓝点马鲛产卵场分布与经纬度、海水深度和海水表层温度均呈显著相关,与盐度无显著相关性;最适深度、温度分别为15～30 m、16～20 ℃。其产卵场主要分布在石岛渔场(36°30′ N,121°48′ E)附近和海州湾(33°30′—36° N,119°30′—121°30′ E)。蓝点马鲛不同年份间的产卵场分布存在一定的差异,表温较高的年份其产卵场分布有向北偏移的趋势。有必要加强蓝点马鲛主要产卵区域的管理和保护力度,建立相应的生态养护和修复策略,实现黄海蓝点马鲛渔业资源的可持续开发利用。

Distribution and environmental characteristics of the spawning grounds of Scomberomorus niphonius in the coastal waters of Yellow Sea,China

Japanese Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) is one of the main economic fish species in the Yellow Sea. To understand its spawning habitat and population dynamics in the early stage, we examined the distribution and environmental characteristics of spawning ground of Japanese Spanish mackerel using their egg survey data collecting in 2015 (late May) and 2017 (late May) in the coastal waters of Yellow Sea. The generalized additive model (GAM) with the Tweedie distribution was used to analyze the distribution and environmental characteristics of its spawning ground. The results showed that egg distribution was significantly related to the location (i.e., latitude and longitude), water depth, and sea surface temperature (SST), but not related to sea surface salinity (SSS). The optimal range of depth and SST were 15-30 m and 16-20 ℃, respectively. The mackerel spawning ground mainly distributed in the region Shidao fishing ground (area near 36°30′ N,121°48′ E) and Haizhou Bay (33°30′-36° N,119°30′-121°30′ E). There were some clear inter-annual differences in the distribution of mackerel spawning ground, with the spawning ground tending to northward in the year with higher sea temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to manage and protect the above spawning ground (especially the Haizhou Bay), establishing the corresponding ecological protection and restoration strategy, to realize sustainable exploitation of mackerel fisheries resources in the Yellow Sea.