城市复合生态及生态空间管理

城市是一类基于区域水-土-气-生-矿五类生态因子,生产-流通-消费-还原-调控五类生态过程,以及经济-政治-文化-社会-环境五类生态功能,在时间-空间-数量-结构-功序范畴耦合的复合生态系统。阐述了城市复合生态的整合机制、体制、结构、功能的内涵,提出以净化、绿化、活化、美化、进化型安全生态保障目标,生物链-矿物链-服务链-静脉链-智慧链五链合一的循环经济耦合构架,以及污染防治、清洁生产、产业生态、生态社区和生态文明五位一体的和谐社会建设模式为城市生态管理的3个支柱。城市生态管理是对城市涵养、调节、流通、供给和支持五类生态服务功能的调节、修复和建设而不只是保护城市生物。城市生态空间是指城市生态系统结构所占据的物理空间、其代谢所依赖的区域腹地空间,以及其功能所涉及的多维关系空间。通过天津、扬州、淮北、合肥等市复合生态规划与建设的案例,阐述了区域、市域、城域和社区/园区4尺度城市生态空间的管理方略。最后以延庆和北京主城关系的演变探讨了复合生态位势在城市生态管理中的应用。

Urban eco-complex and eco-space management

City is a kind of social-economic-natural complex ecosystem (SENCE), supported by 5 kinds of eco-factors (water, soil, fire, biome and minerals), 5 eco-processes (production, transportation, consumption, recycling and regulation), 5 kinds of function (economy, politics, culture, society and environment), and coupled in time, space, quantity, structure and function). This paper explained its integrative dynamics, cybernetics and systematics, three supporters of its development: eco-security (cleaning, greening, vitalizing, beautification and forward evolution), circular economy (coupling five chains of biological, mineral, service, recycling and wisdom), and harmonious society (with a integrative management model of pollution control, cleaner production, eco-industry, eco-polis and eco-civilization). Urban ecological management is rather a kind of regulation, restoration and creation process to enforce the urban ecological service of cultivation, regulation, circulation, supply and supporting than just nature conservation. Urban eco-space includes the physical space the city occupied, the hinterland ecosystem for city metabolism using, and the super eco niche for the city function. Through case studies of Tianjin, Yangzhou, Huaibei and Hefei, the paper has shown the approaches for urban eco-space planning and management. Finally, the application of integrative eco-niche and eco-potentials are discussed with a case of Yanqing County for its development relationship with its mother city of Beijing.