|
|||||
|
|
The mechanics of myeloid cells |
|
| Authors: | Kathleen R Bashant Nicole Toepfner Christopher J Day Nehal N Mehta Mariana J Kaplan Charlotte Summers Jochen Guck Edwin R Chilvers |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK;2. Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany Department of Pediatrics, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany;3. University of Sydney Business School ITLS, Sydney, Australia;4. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA;5. Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA;6. Max-Planck-Institut für die Physik des Lichts & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany Individuals are co-senior authors and contributed equally to this work.;7. National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London Individuals are co-senior authors and contributed equally to this work. |
| Abstract: | The effects of cell size, shape and deformability on cellular function have long been a topic of interest. Recently, mechanical phenotyping technologies capable of analysing large numbers of cells in real time have become available. This has important implications for biology and medicine, especially haemato-oncology and immunology, as immune cell mechanical phenotyping, immunologic function, and malignant cell transformation are closely linked and potentially exploitable to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, we introduce the technologies used to analyse cellular mechanical properties and review emerging findings following the advent of high throughput deformability cytometry. We largely focus on cells from the myeloid lineage, which are derived from the bone marrow and include macrophages, granulocytes and erythrocytes. We highlight advances in mechanical phenotyping of cells in suspension that are revealing novel signatures of human blood diseases and providing new insights into pathogenesis of these diseases. The contributions of mechanical phenotyping of cells in suspension to our understanding of drug mechanisms, identification of novel therapeutics and monitoring of treatment efficacy particularly in instances of haematologic diseases are reviewed, and we suggest emerging topics of study to explore as high throughput deformability cytometers become prevalent in laboratories across the globe. |
| Keywords: | cell motility/contraction cell migration/adhesion heart/lung/blood vessels metastasis disease |