Influence of Temperature on Virulence of Fungal Isolates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Metarhizium anisopliae</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Beauveria bassiana</Emphasis> to the Two-Spotted Spider Mite <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tetranychus urticae</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | David Mugisho Bugeme Markus Knapp Hamadi Iddi Boga Anthony Kibira Wanjoya Nguya Kalemba Maniania |
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Institution: | (1) International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya;(2) Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya |
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Abstract: | Twenty-three isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sokorin and three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were assessed for their virulence against the two-spotted
spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Based on the screening results, nine isolates of M. anisopliae and two isolates of B. bassiana were tested for their virulence against young adult (1- to 2-day-old) female T. urticae at constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. At all temperatures tested, all the fungal isolates were pathogenic to T. urticae but mortality varied with isolates and temperatures. Fungal isolates were more virulent at 25, 30 and 35°C than at 20°C.
The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50) and lethal time to 90% mortality (LT90) values decreased with increased temperature. There were no significant differences in virulence between fungal isolates
at 30 and 35°C; however, significant differences were observed at 20 and 25°C. |
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Keywords: | Beauveria bassiana Metarhizium anisopliae Biological control Temperature Tetranychus urticae Virulence |
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