溪流生态系统生态学研究

本文根据６年定位研究的结果，讨论了有关东北山溪生态系统生态学方面的问题，诸如溪流生态系统的组成、结构、能量流动、物质循环、食物网结构与营养能级等。调查了组成生物并对其做了定量分析；描述了能量的消耗途径并绘制了生态系统的能流框图；按营养关系划分了食物链和食物网结构，并根据各类群的生物量计算了不同营养能级的转换效率；按照水体中溶氧变化和水分循环规律建立了相应的动态模型。最后，对经典的将生态系统中生物类群划分为生产者、消费者和分解者三大集团进行了讨论，鉴于事实上每一生物类群分别具有生产、消费和分解等三重作用，因此，建议用生产过程、消费过程和分解过程来表述生物类群在生态系统中的功能作用。

THE ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY OF RAPID-FLOWING STREAM IN NORTH TEMPERATE

The ecosystem ecology of the rapid-flowing stream in North Temperate was investigated over a period of six-years field studies. Some ecosystem level properties such as component parts, structure, energy flow, material cycling were determiaed and so were the biological environment and the pathway of energy transfer as well as the energy flow frame. The turnover rates of different trophic levels were calculated in biomass. Dynamic models of oxygen changes and of hydrological cycling were then established. The food chains and web were divided dependent upon the trophic relationships of the living organisms, which might be separated into three groups: producer, consumer and decomposer by the classical theory, but in fact each with function of production, consumption and decomption. So this paper suggests that producer, consumer and decomposer should be replaced with productive processes, consumptive processes and decompositive processes respectively.