控水条件下侧柏冠层气孔导度对土壤水的响应

建立了不同控水条件下(无降水、一半降水、自然降水和二倍降水)的侧柏样地,于2016年8月—2017年8月监测了样地土壤含水量(SWC)、降水量、液流密度(J_s)、叶面积指数(LAI)和水汽压亏缺(VPD)等因子,分析SWC对侧柏冠层气孔导度(g_s)的影响。结果表明: 一半、自然和二倍降水样地的SWC与降水量呈正相关,SWC变化范围分别为4.9%～16.0%、7.2%～22.9%、7.4%～29.6%,无降水样地的SWC在8—10月下降50%;7月的日g_s在14:00达到峰值(166.64 mmol·m^-2·s^-1),显著高于其他月份,且出现双峰现象, 1月的日g_s在12:00达到峰值(54.1 mmol·m^-2·s^-1);3个降水条件下,侧柏g_s与SWC呈负二次相关关系,且g_s达到峰值,对应的SWC分别为8.5%、12.5%和18.5%,均趋近于年平均SWC。不同控水样地内侧柏g_s对VPD的敏感性(δ)/参比冠层气孔导度(g_sref)均≥0.6,表明不同控水条件下土壤水分状况较适合侧柏蒸腾用水的需求。当SWC在3.7%～7.5%时,δ和g_sref值迅速增大,说明气孔调节能力更好,植物气孔对VPD的响应更敏感;当SWC上升到11%时,SWC变化对g_sref和g_s对VPD响应敏感性的影响不显著。可能存在侧柏产生适应状态的SWC阈值,植物体在自身的生命活动中关闭或减小气孔开度,降低叶片水势以适应过高的VPD,保护植物不会引起过度蒸腾,从而对蒸腾的调控更加有效。

Responses of canopy stomatal conductance of Platycladus orientalis to soil water under water control.

A water-controlled experiment with four treatments (no rain, half raining, natural raining and double raining) was carried out in a Platycladus orientalis forest. The factors including soil water content (SWC), precipitation, sap flow density (J_s), leaf area index (LAI), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were monitored during August 2016 to August 2017. We further analyzed the response of canopy stomatal conductance (g_s) to changes of SWC. The results showed that the SWC of plots (half, natural and double raining) showed a positive correlation with precipitation, and the range of SWC was 4.9%-16.0%, 7.2%-22.9%, 7.4%-29.6%, respectively. The SWC in the plot with no rain decreased by 50% from August to October. The daily g_s reached a peak of 166.64 mmol·m^-2·s^-1 at 14:00 in July, which was significantly higher than other months. A bimodal phenomenon occurred. The daily g_s reached a peak of 54.1 mmol·m^-2·s^-1 at 12:00 in January. Under the three rain plots, diurnal variation of g_s and SWC showed a negative quadratic correlation. The SWC corresponding to the peak of g_s was 8.5%, 12.5% and 18.5%, respectively, close to the annual average SWC. Sensitivity (δ) of g_s to VPD /reference canopy stomatal conductance (g_sref) was more than or equal to 0.6 in different water-controlled plots, indicating that soil water condition was more suitable for water demand of P. orientalis. When SWC was between 3.7% and 7.5%, the δ and g_sref increased rapidly, indicating that stomata had better regulation ability, and that plant stomata was more sensitive to VPD. When SWC increased to 11%, SWC alteration did not affect the response sensitivity of g_srefand g_s to VPD. There might be a SWC threshold value for the adaptation of P. orientalis. By closing or reducing stomatal aperture, leaf water potential decreased, P. orientalis could adapt to excessive VPD and avoid excessive transpiration, which was more effective in regulating transpiration.