Behavioural effects of minor sex pheromone components in Brazilian apple leafroller Bonagota cranaodes (Lep., Tortricidae) |
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| Authors: | M D A Coracini M Bengtsson A Reckziegel A E Eiras E F Vilela P Anderson W Francke J Löfqvist P Witzgall |
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| Institution: | Department of Crop Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden;;Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Hamburg, Germany;;Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;;Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The behavioural response of Brazilian apple leafroller males, Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick), to natural and synthetic sex pheromone was studied in a wind tunnel. Calling females elicited upwind flights followed by landing and wingfanning at the source in 72% of the males tested. Female gland extracts, with the main compound ( E , Z )3,5dodecadienyl acetate released at 100 pg/min, attracted 57% of the males to the source. Few males (1%) were attracted to the main compound alone, released at the same rate. Even a synthetic blend of all five gland compounds eliciting an antennal response, formulated according to their proportion in female gland extracts, was barely attractive (7%). Comparison of this synthetic blend and female gland extracts indicates a behavioural role of other gland compounds. Male attraction was significantly increased (34%) in response to a 100 : 5 : 5 : 5-blend of the main compound and three minor gland compounds, ( Z )-5-dodecenyl acetate, ( E , Z )-3,5-tetradecadienyl acetate, and ( Z )-9-hexadecenyl acetate. |
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| Keywords: | antennal response redundancy sex pheromone blend synergism synthesis upwind flight behaviour |
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