基于四象限模型的生态系统服务与人类活动强度关联性分析--以皖南国际旅游文化示范区为例

运用空间热点分析定量分析了生态系统服务在不同尺度上的空间分异特征,基于四象限模型对生态质量进行评价,并采用地理探测器探讨影响其空间分异的主要驱动因素。结果表明:(1)生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV)存在显著的空间异质性,分布格局呈现空间自相关性,冷热点分布具有明显尺度效应。(2)示范区人类活动强度与ESV耦合程度基本协调一致,生态质量总体状况较好。人类活动强度与ESV耦合程度因研究尺度不同而存在一定差异。(3)各探测因子的解释力在县域和乡镇尺度上存在显著差异,社会经济驱动因素在县域尺度上解释力大于乡镇尺度。各驱动因子之间存在明显的协同增强效应,双因子交互作用增强了对ESV空间分异的解释力。

Correlation between ecosystem services value and human activity intensity based on the four-quadrant model: A case study in the International Tourism and Culture Demonstration Area, the South Anhui Province

Understanding the spatial characteristics of ecological environment quality at different spatial scales and their underlying social-ecological drivers was essential for forming the efficient management decisions of ecosystems. Taking the International Tourism and Culture Demonstration Area in South Anhui Province as an example, this paper analyzed the spatial heterogeneity of the ecosystem service value (ESV) at different scales based on the methods of spatial hotspot analysis. The four-quadrant model was used to evaluate the ecological quality at the county and township scale. Last, this study examined the ESV'' responses to the social-ecological drivers at the two spatial scales and explored the interaction mechanism between the ESV and the geographical environment. The results show that:(1) there was significant heterogeneity in the ESV on the spatial pattern. The distribution pattern showed obviously spatial auto correlation. The spatial pattern of the ESV was affected by scale, and the distribution of cold and hot spots were some differences between the county and township scale. (2) The intensity of human activities was basically consistent with the degree of the ESV coupling, and the overall ecological quality was in good condition. In addition, the degree of coupling between the intensity of human activities and the ESV showed significantly spatial heterogeneity across scales. (3) The spatial differentiation of the ESV was affected by a variety of factors. The explanatory power of each factor to the ESV spatial heterogeneity was significantly different. Moreover, the magnitudes of social-ecological drivers'' impacts on the ESV varied at different scales. Across the two spatial scales, the drivers of the ESV exhibited scale dependence, the smaller the scale, the more diverse the drivers. The socioeconomic factors were key drivers for the ESV at the county scale, while the natural and socioeconomic drivers were key drivers at the township scale. There were obviously mutual reinforcements among the driving forces, while the interaction between two-factor interaction enhanced the explanatory ability of the spatial differentiation of the ESV. The results of our study advocated the multiscale assessment of the human activity effect on ecosystem services and emphasized the necessity of embracing scale dependency in the regional ecosystem management. It was of practical significance to implement more precise management measures at a smaller scale. The results can help decision makers to formulate corresponding ecological management strategies at appropriate spatial scales and promote sustainable development in the area.