茂兰喀斯特森林林隙植被恢复的物种组成及生活型特征

以贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区喀斯特森林为研究对象,以群落调查为基础,研究了林隙植被发育过程中物种组成、种间关系及生活型的动态变化规律。结果表明:在林隙发育的10年至30年时,林隙植物的科、属、种组成逐渐增加,至40年时有所下降,科和属组成与非林隙林分基本持平,但物种数继续增加。表征在林隙的恢复过程中,来自不同分类群的物种增加,群落组成更加复杂化和多样化。科、属、种三个等级均表现为林隙发育年龄越相近,相似性系数越大,林隙年龄相差越大时,物种组成的相似性越小,体现了林隙植被恢复的连续性。随林隙年龄的增大,高位芽植物和藤本植物逐渐增多,而地面芽和一年生植物则有减少的趋势,地上芽和地下芽植物随林隙的发育变化规律不明显。随林隙的发育,群落结构趋于稳定,生态功能增强。

Species Composition and Life Form Feature of Vegetation Restoration in Gaps of Karst Forest in Maolan Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province

Based on the investigation on gaps and non-gap stands of the Karst forest in Maolan National Nature Reserve, Guizhou Province, the changeable regular pattern of species composition, relationship of species and life form feature during gaps development were analyzed. The results showed that family, genera and species of plant in gaps increased gradually from 10 to 30 years and decreased after 40 years. The composition of family and genera in 40 years was equilibrated to those in non-gap stands, but species number increased continuously. It indicated that species diversity increased and community composition structure became complicated and diversified with gap development. Similarity analysis of family, genera and species showed that the dynamic changes of vegetation in gaps were somewhat continuous and gradual, the similarities between the neighboring stages were greater than those between non-neighboring stages during gaps development. With gaps development, the percentage of phanerophytes and epiphytic plants increased, hemicryptophytes and therophytes decreased correspondingly, but the percentage of chamaephytes and cryptophytes did not change much. With gaps development, community structure became stable and ecological function was enhanced.