A toxic Pseudo-nitzschia bloom in Todos Santos Bay,northwestern Baja California,Mexico |
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| Authors: | Ernesto García-Mendoza David Rivas Aramis Olivos-Ortiz Antonio Almazán-Becerril Carolina Castañeda-Vega José Luis Peña-Manjarrez |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, CICESE, Km. 107 carr. Tij-Ens, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;2. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 COAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR, USA;3. Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Km. 20 carr. Mnazanillo-Barra de Navidad, Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico;4. Facultad de Ciencias, UABC, Km. 103 carr. Tij-Ens, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;5. Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos del Mar en Ensenada, Km. 6.5 carr. Ens-Tij, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;6. Centro para Estudios del Agua, CICY. Calle 8, No. 39, Mz. 29, S.M. 64 Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico;1. Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ens-Tij 3608, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;2. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom;3. Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Pedras de Corón S/N, Vilanova de Arousa, Spain;4. Departamento de Oceanografía Física, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Ens-Tij 3608, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;5. Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, CICY, Calle 8, No. 39, S. M. 64, Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico;6. Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos del Mar en Ensenada, Km. 6.5, Carr. Ens-Tij, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico;1. Department of Ocean Ecosystems, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands;2. Centre for Deep Sea Research-LIPI, Jl. Y. Syaranamual Guru-guru-Poka, 97233 Ambon, Indonesia;3. Beta Science Shop, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands;4. Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;1. Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. (CICY), Calle 8 Número 39, SM 64, Cancún, Quintana Roo 77524, Mexico;2. Centro de Investigación y Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera, Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico;3. Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad de Colima, Km. 20 Carretera Manzanillo-Barra de Navidad, Manzanillo, Colima 28860, Mexico;4. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States;5. Consultor Independiente, Chipre Número 5, SM 312, Residencial Isla Azul, Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico;1. National Marine Information and Research Centre, PO Box 912, Swakopmund, Namibia;2. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, NOAA/National Ocean Service, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA;3. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Sølvgade 83S, DK-1307 Copenhagen K, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | A toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. bloom in the Todos Santos Bay area (31.8°N), Mexico, is described. This is the southernmost report of the presence of domoic acid (DA) in the California Current System and it is also the first report of the distribution of toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species and DA on the Baja California west coast. The maximum cell abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia was 3.02 × 105 cells L?1 and the maximum concentration of DA in particulate matter (pDA) was 0.86 μg L?1. P. australis constituted the major proportion of cells identified as Pseudo-nitzschia. The environmental conditions associated with wind-driven upwelling were the cause for the accumulation of toxic cells. Maximum pDA and cell concentration were detected around 14 °C. The ratio of the concentration of macronutrients seemed to be the important factor for the accumulation of P. australis. The highest cell abundance was detected in areas with a high Si(OH)4 to N ratio in the entire water column. Therefore, the relative increase of silicate concentration related to upwelling conditions was the probable cause for the accumulation of P. australis. Maximum photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiency of charge separation (Fv/Fm) was negatively correlated to the pDA to fucoxanthin ratio. This ratio was used in this work as an index of cellular DA content. Therefore, the photosynthetic competence of the cells might be an important factor that affected their DA cellular content. |
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