Production of dinophysistoxin-1 and pectenotoxin-2 by a culture of Dinophysis acuminata (Dinophyceae) |
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| Authors: | Takashi Kamiyama Toshiyuki Suzuki |
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| Institution: | 1. National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan;2. National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan;1. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile;2. Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Apto. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain;3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain;1. LOHABE, Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;2. Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea;1. Research Unit: Mycotoxines, Phycotoxines and Associated Pathologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia;2. Laboratory of Histology Cytology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia;1. Departamento de Biología Molecular, UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;2. IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radiofaro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain;1. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain;2. Programa de Investigación Pesquera & Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 1327, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile;3. Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Muelle das Ánimas s/n, 15001 A Coruña, Spain;4. Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (INTECMAR), Peirao de Vilaxoán s/n, 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain;5. Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), Av. Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | The production of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins (okadaic acid analogues and other lipophilic toxins) by a culture of Dinophysis acuminata, fed with the autotrophic ciliate Myrionecta rubra, was confirmed by LC–MS analysis, and the toxin profile compared with that in the field assemblage of the same species. The growth response of D. acuminata to the density of the food organism was also examined in laboratory experiments. In semi-continuous culture experiments, the growth rates of D. acuminata increased with increasing density of M. rubra and a maximum growth rate of 0.67 per day was calculated. In batch culture experiments; the cellular content of PTX2 and DTX1 were 14.7–14.8 and 2.5–4.8 pg cell?1, respectively. Okadaic acid, dinophysistoxin-3, pectenotoxin-1, pectenotoxin-6, yessotoxin (YTX) and 45-OHYTX were not detected. PTX2 was detected (cellular toxin content: 22 pg cell?1), but DTX1 was not detected, in an extract of D. acuminata collected from natural seawater at the same location where the cultured D. acuminata specimens were isolated. These results strongly suggest that D. acuminata produces these toxins during cell growth and that environmental factors influence variations in the toxin composition and specific cellular toxicity. |
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