陕西汉中地区黑熊的现状,分布及保护措施

１９９１－１９９３年，作者在陕西省汉中林区采用三阶抽样设计调查并询访群众，求算每个所选择的最小样本单位（三级区）的方差，推算黑熊整体数量。根据黑熊数量将该地林区划分为３个密度区级：高密度区（０．０３头／ｋｍ￣２以上），秦岭中山区；中密度区（０．０１－０．０２９头／ｋｍ￣２），巴山中山区；低密度区（０．０１头／ｋｍ￣２以下），秦巴低山丘陵区。全区有黑熊３１２头，平均密度０．０３５／ｋｍ￣２，遍布１０县１６６个乡。分析了各地黑熊数量多寡的原因，提出了相应的保护措施。

THE PRESENT STATUS,DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION MEASURE OF THE BLACK BEAR IN HANZHONG PREFECTURE,SHAANXI PROVINCE

We carried out detailed investigation on the number and distribution of the blackbear,1991-1993 in Hanzhong prefecture,Shaanxi province. The results showed thatit is distributed over 10 counties 166 districts where forest grows well, and the popula-tion is very sparse. Relation between number of black bear and forest area is closely re-lated,its correlation coefficient is 0.8917. The habitat of black bear is divided from landforms into three types,i.e.(1) Highmountains of Qinling: forest area 5 576.26 km, average altitude of more 1 000 m,thereare 212 bears and the density is 0.0389 indi./km;(2)High mountains of Bashan:forestarea 3 274.91 km,average altitude of 1 500-2000 m,there are 65 bears and the densityis 0. 019 8 indi./km;(3)Low mountains of Qinling and Bashan:forest area 5 944. 02km,average altitude of less 1 000 m,there are 35 bears,and the density is 0.005 2 in-di./km. Extinction of bears from 50.35%of their historic range is occurred in Hanzhongprefecture, because of population growth rapidly in the range,the human economic activ-ities influenced distribution range of black bear. The activities of human are severely im-pacting black bear habitat.Major human actions influencing bear habitat include timberharvest and human occupancy and cultivation in the habitation of bear.Direct human im-pacts on bear include killing of bears for protection of crops,unregimented hunting. Par-ticularly forest is severeiy destroyed, its area is reduced year by year.The idea for recovery of bear resources and suggestion for future management andconservation are described in paper.