城市居住区多功能绿地景观的景感生态学效应

作为居住区绿地景观重要的组成要素，公共活动空间是居民最为频繁使用的空间，对提高绿地生态系统文化服务，改善人居环境与提高居民健康具有重要意义。基于居民休闲娱乐文化感知，探讨居住区绿地公共活动空间的景感生态学效应，揭示多功能绿地景观对生态系统文化服务和景感营造的影响，可为居住区绿地的景观规划与设计提供重要的参考依据。以郑州市26个居住小区80个公共活动空间为研究对象，结合景感生态学理念，基于小区绿地公共活动空间的景感特征（植被覆盖、基础设施、遮荫率、管理水平、公共活动空间面积与类型）以及内部居民休闲娱乐文化活动特征的调查分析，探讨了城市居住区绿地公共活动空间的景感效应对绿地生态系统文化服务的影响。结果表明：（1）小区绿地不同类型公共活动空间提供的景感效应存在显著差异，水体的自然属性使其景感效应更丰富，文化服务价值最高。（2）小区绿地公共活动空间面积越大，居民的心理感知越强，景感体验越丰富，文化服务价值越高，增加公共活动空间面积是构建多功能绿地景观的直接通道。（3）公共活动空间的植被覆盖营造的视感与遮荫率营造的风感生态学效应较为显著，而基础设施的触感与清洁度的视感并未存在显著影响。（4）结合小区社会经济数据的多元回归分析结果表明，由公共活动空间面积营造的多样化景感对居民活动量的贡献最大，其次为公共活动空间的类型与小区户数。运用景感生态学理论和景感营造原则，在有限的空间内通过景观设计实现了景感载体化，改善和增加了绿地生态系统服务，能够缓解城市绿地的不公平性。未来城市居住区特别是高密度居住区应尽可能设置大面积的具有多功能特征的公共活动空间，而低密度居住区在绿地面积充足的前提下，可设置大面积自然水体和增设多类型的公共活动空间，以提高景感效应。

Landsenses Ecology effects of multi-functional green space landscape in urban residential area

Public activity space within the urban residential green space is the most frequently used space for residents'' leisure and entertainment activities, which are substantial in the improvement of the cultural ecosystem services of green spaces and the amelioration of the neighborhood environment and the residents'' physical and mental health. Focused on the residents'' perception of leisure culture, our study explored the effects of the landsenses ecology on the public space of residential areas. We also revealed the effect of multifunctional green space landscapes on ecosystem cultural services and landsenses creation to provide important directions for the planning and the design of green space in residential areas. This paper selected 80 public activity spaces in 26 residential communities in Zhengzhou as research objects. The following results were obtained. (1) The significant differences were observed in the sense of landscape effect provided by different types of public activity spaces in residential green spaces. The natural attributes of water bodies enriched the sense of landscape effects and had the highest cultural ecosystem service value. (2) A large public green space in the residential area resulted in strong psychological perception of the residents, rich sense of scenery experience, and high value of cultural ecosystem services. Increasing the area of the public activity space was a direct channel to build a multifunctional green space landscape. (3) The ecological effects of the visual sense created by the vegetation coverage and shade rate created by the public event space were significant, but the tactile sense of the infrastructure and the visual sense of cleanliness did not exist. (4) Combining with the social and the economic data of the community, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that the diverse sense of landscape created by the public activity space had the largest contribution to the amount of residents'' activities followed by the type of public activity space and the number of households in the community. The theory of landscape ecology and the principles of sense of landscape creation were applied, and the landsenses carrier was achieved through the landscape design in a limited space, thereby improving the green space ecosystem services and alleviating the unfairness of the urban green space. Finally, high-density urban residential areas were suggested to be provided with large public activity spaces with multifunctional characteristics as much as possible, and low-density residential areas were suggested to be provided with large-scale natural water bodies and additional multiple types of public activity paces to enhance the effect of scenery.