基于生态网络的江苏省生态空间连通性变化研究

经济社会高速发展背景下，人类土地利用强度加大，部分地区生境斑块趋于破碎，生物交流通道趋于阻断，研究生态空间连通性变化，有针对性的进行保护和修复，对区域可持续发展意义重大。研究以江苏省为例，采用形态学空间格局分析（Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis，MSPA）方法分析景观格局变化并识别重要生态源地破碎与新增情况，利用最小累积阻力（Minimum Cumulative Resistance，MCR）模型构建生态网络并分析生态空间连通性。研究选取整体连通性指数量化斑块/廊道的相对重要性；结合生态网络结构，具体分析廊道连通性的变化、原因及其影响；并运用电路理论、障碍改善方法识别廊道维护与疏通关键点，提出生态网络保护和修复建议。研究结果表明：（1）2000-2015年，江苏省生态网络呈现西密东疏的格局，局部地区生态节点破碎12处，新增5处，源地斑块整体趋于破碎；（2）新沂市马陵山风景区等6处节点的破碎使北部生态网络多条廊道结构功能下降，亟须修复；（3）因沿河防护林及道路林网建设，中部网络与北部网络间廊道连通性有所改善，但缺乏中间节点；（4）丹阳市打雁山丘陵节点的破碎使南部网络与长江湿地间联系削弱，宁镇山脉的结构重要性相对凸显；（5）东部沿海滩涂节点与其他节点间的联系尚处于薄弱状态，有待改善；（6）建议修复生态节点7处，新增生态节点7处，建设踏脚石44处，维护廊道关键点18处，疏通其中5处。

Analysis on changes of ecological spatial connectivity in Jiangsu Province based on ecological network

With the rapid development of society and economy, the intensity of human land use is increasing, so the habitat patches tend to be broken and the biologically communicational channels tend to be blocked in some areas. Therefore, it is of great significance for regional sustainable development to study the changes of ecological connectivity and carry out targeted protection and repair. Taking Jiangsu Province as an example, the study uses Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis method to analyze landscape pattern changes and identify the fragmentation and addition of important ecological sources. On this basis, the article uses the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model to build an ecological network and analyzes the connectivity of ecological spaces. This paper selects overall connectivity index to quantify the relative importance of patches/corridors. Combined with the ecological network structure, the paper analyzes the changes, causes and impacts of corridor connectivity. Finally, the study uses circuit theory and obstacle improvement methods to identify key points of corridor maintenance and dredging, and meanwhile, proposes some suggestions on ecological network protection and restoration. The findings include:(1) from 2000 to 2015, the ecological network of Jiangsu Province showed a pattern of dense west and sparse east. There were 12 ecological node fractures and 5 new ones. The patches in the source area tended to be broken, but the construction of forest nets strengthened the connection between the broken patches. (2) The fragmentation of 6 nodes including the Maling Mountain Scenic Area in Xinyi City has reduced the function of multiple corridor structures in the northern network and needs to be repaired. (3) The corridor connection between the central network and the northern network is improved in some extent, but there is lack of intermediate nodes. (4) The fragmentation of the hilly node of the Dayan Mountain in Danyang weakens the connection between the southern network and the Yangtze River wetland, enhancing the structural importance of the Ningzhen Mountain Range. (5) The connection between the eastern coastal beach node and other nodes is still weak and has not been effectively improved. (6) It is recommended to restore 7 ecological nodes, expand 7 new ecological nodes, build 44 stepping stones, maintain 18 key corridor points, and dredge 5 of them.