基于文献计量分析的中国乡村生态学研究综述

我国已全面建成了小康社会,新发展阶段对乡村生态环境保护治理提出更高要求,乡村生态振兴既要提升生态环境质量,又要促进农民农村共同富裕的实现。在时代发展需求中,乡村生态学的研究成果不断丰富,概念内涵不断扩展,有必要对过去20年中国乡村生态学研究进行梳理和总结,为美丽乡村建设、自然资源保护、乡村可持续发展提供理论依据。对中国乡村生态学研究进行文献计量和可视化分析,通过绘制可视化知识图谱,梳理了20年以来中国乡村生态学研究的发展脉络,提出人类感知与社会需求的层级递进是推动乡村生态学研究发展的一个主要驱动力;针对乡村生态热点,提出4个方面的研究趋势,即乡村生态环境精细化治理与预警、乡村建设中的生态环境政策和制度、乡村景观规划与乡村生态文化建设和农村生产生活消费绿色化发展与可持续性;最后,围绕需求层级理论和乡村生态系统服务,构建了乡村生态学学科边界框架,强调在多学科交叉的基础上,针对乡村生态研究的多层次多尺度的特征,重点开展乡村生态系统中社会、经济、生态多要素对乡村生态系统的综合作用及其之间相互影响关系的研究。

Research progress and prospects of rural ecology in China based on bibliometric and visualization analysis

China has completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The new stage of development puts forward higher requirements for rural ecological and environmental protection and governance, and rural ecological revitalization should not only improve the quality of the ecological environment, but also promote the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. In the needs of the development of the times, the research results of rural ecology are constantly rich and the concept connotation is constantly expanding. It is necessary to sort out and summarize the research of Chinese rural ecology in the past 20 years to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of beautiful countryside, the protection of natural resources and the sustainable rural development. This paper presented a bibliometric and visual analysis of rural ecology studies in China. By mapping the visual knowledge map, combing out the development of rural ecology research in China over the past 20 years, the rural ecology study was divided into three stages:the first phase was in 2001-2006, rural ecological research favored the structure, process and function of farmland or rural ecosystem, and the targeted rural ecological tourism; the second phase was in 2006-2013, the rural ecological research tended to be comprehensive, it was reflected in the village planning, sustainable development and ecological civilization; the third phase was in 2013-2020, rural ecology paid attention to rural landscape construction, beautiful rural construction and rural revitalization, this stage was not only a period of comprehensive and systematic study of rural ecology, also was a stage of rural ecological construction growth from quantity to the improvement of rural ecological quality. We emphasized that the increasing demand for the rural ecological-living environment drove the continuous development of rural ecology, and proposed that human perception and social needs were the main driving forces to promote the development of rural ecological research. Aiming at the rural ecological hot spots, we introduced the research trends in four aspects, including the fine management and early warning of the rural ecological environment, the ecological environment policies and systems in the rural construction, the rural landscape planning and the rural ecological culture construction, and the green development and sustainability of the rural production and living consumption. Finally, focusing on the demand hierarchy theory and rural ecosystem services, the research constructed the basic framework of rural ecology research of "demand-ecosystem service-well-being" and "element-settlement-landscape" mode, and emphasized that on the basis of interdisciplinary research and according to the multi-level and multi-scale characteristics of rural ecology research, the further research should be focused on the social, economic study on the comprehensive effect of ecological multi factors on rural ecosystem and their interactions.