Morphology and viability analysis of Streptomyces clavuligerus in industrial cultivation systems

The effects of varying inoculum age and production scale upon the morphology and viability of Streptomyces clavuligerus were studied by analyzing visible and fluorescent light images acquired throughout pilot-plant and pre-industrial scale fermentations. Changes in production scale reveal that in 5 m³ fermentors, the maximum hyphal area obtained is double the value obtained in 0.5 m³ fermentors. It is probably due to the higher shear stresses acting upon hyphae in the 0.5 m³ fermentor caused by higher tip speeds observed in these. The morphological quantification based on elongation and branching rates allowed fermentations to be pattern classified into distinct physiological time zones namely elongation, branching, fragmentation, etc. The general pattern observed for fermentations inoculated with late exponential phase inocula was similar to the pattern of fermentations run with stationary phase inocula except that both the elongation and branching periods started earlier in the former case. Using the available staining technique and image acquisition system, the viability seemed to be generally high and constant throughout the time course of all the studied fermentations.An erratum to this article can be found at