施用牛粪和绿肥对土地整治区玉米产量和土壤理化性质的影响

采用定位试验,研究了施用新鲜牛粪(15000和75000 kg·hm^-2)和绿肥(36000 kg·hm^-2)对玉米产量、土壤呼吸和土壤化学、物理性状的影响.结果表明: 与单施化肥相比,土地整治区施用牛粪的玉米籽粒增产7.2%～29.9%,千粒重增加2.5%～18.2%,活性有机碳和有机质含量分别增加5.3%～34.6%和8.0%～17.6%.施用绿肥的玉米籽粒增产10.8%～15.6%,千粒重增加4.5%～8.4%,活性有机碳含量增加14.1%～48.6%,在第二年土壤有机质含量增加了7.2%.施用牛粪和绿肥的土壤呼吸速率增加了20.0%～69.3%.施用牛粪和绿肥增加了土壤容重,减少了总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度,分别增加了＜0.01 mm和0.05～1 mm粒径团聚体的比例.连续2年在土地整治区施用牛粪和绿肥不仅能够增加玉米籽粒产量,而且已经对土壤物理化学性质的改善表现出积极的作用.

Effect of application of cow manure and green manure on corn yield and soil physical-chemical properties in land restoration area

The effects of cow manure and green manure on maize yield, soil respiration and soil physical-chemical properties in land restoration area was evaluated through field experiments. The results indicated that the maize yield and thousand-grain mass with cow manure were increased by 7.2%-29.9% and 2.5%-18.2%, respectively compared with the application of chemical fertilizer (CF), while the soil active organic carbon and organic matter contents of cow manure were 5.3%-34.6% and 8.0%-17.6% higher than that obtained in CF. The maize yield and thousand-grain mass were increased by 10.8%-15.6% and 4.5%-8.4% with application of green manure, respectively compared with CF. The content of active organic carbon in green manure was 14.1%-48.6% higher than that detected in CF. In the second year, the content of organic matter in green manure treatment was 7.2% higher than that of CF. The soil respiration rates under cow manure and green manure treatments increased by 20.0%-69.3% compared with CF. CF and green manure could improve the soil bulk density and increase the aggregate ratios of ＜0.01 mm and 0.05-1 mm fractions, respectively. On the other hand, the cow manure and green manure could decrease the soil total porosity and the capillary porosity. In conclusion, the application of cow manure and green manure in land restoration region could increase maize yield during the two consecutive seasons, which showed a positive response to improvement of soil physical-chemical properties.