铝胁迫对橡胶苗生理和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

热带酸性土壤中铝毒非常普遍,其对橡胶树生长的影响尚不清楚.采用盆栽砂培试验研究了铝离子对橡胶苗生理和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:当铝浓度高于200 mmol·L^-1时,橡胶苗细胞质膜透性、叶片游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著提高,相对含水量、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性、叶片叶绿素a含量、叶绿素最大荧光、PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ潜在活性、光化学淬灭系数、非光化学淬灭系数和光合电子传递速率显著降低;当铝离子浓度低于100 mmol·L^-1时,不同处理间橡胶苗生理和叶绿素荧光特性差异较小或不明显.说明橡胶树是较为耐铝的植物,铝离子对橡胶苗造成伤害的阈值在100～200 mmol·L^-1;超过这一浓度,会造成橡胶苗不可逆的伤害.

Effects of aluminum toxicity on physiological and leaf chlorophyll fluorescent characteristics of rubber tree seedlings

Aluminum toxicity is common in tropical acid soils. However, its effects on rubber tree growth and latex production are still unclear. Using potted sand culture seedlings of rubber tree, the effects of different aluminum ion concentrations on physiological and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence characteristics were investigated. The results showed that the cell membrane permeability, free proline content, and soluble sugar content were significantly increased, while the relative water content, catalase and peroxidase activities, Chl a content, Chl maximum fluorescence yield, maximum photosynthesis efficiency and potential activity of PSII, photochemical quenching coefficient, non-photochemical quenching coefficient and photosynthetic electron transport rate were significantly decreased when the saplings were subjected to AlCl₃ treatments with concentration higher than 200 mmol·L^-1. When the AlCl₃ concentration was lower than 100 mmol·L^-1, the aforementioned parameters did not show any significant variation among different treatments for the entire duration of the experiment. These results indicated that the rubber tree could tolerate some degree of aluminum toxicity. The threshold concentration of aluminum toxicity for rubber tree seedlings would be between 100 to 200 mmol·L^-1. When this threshold was exceeded, aluminum toxicity would cause irreversible damage to rubber tree seedlings.