内蒙古外来入侵植物种类调查及相关分析

目的] 近几年，内蒙古外来入侵植物种类日趋增长，对当地物种和环境的危害逐渐加大，相关研究相对薄弱。为了解内蒙古外来入侵植物种类组成，本研究分析其生活型、原产地、引进途径，以期为今后内蒙古外来入侵植物的管理与防治工作提供基础资料。方法] 通过野外实地考察，查阅相关文献与数据库，对内蒙古外来入侵植物进行分类统计分析。结果] 内蒙古外来入侵植物共有94种，隶属于24科65属，其中，种数超过10种的有3科，分别为菊科（22种，占总种数的23.4%）、苋科（11种，占总种数的11.7%）和禾本科（11种，占总种数的11.7%）；生活型分析发现，一年生草本最多（68种），占总种数的72.3%，二年生草本（25种）与多年生草本（18种）分别占总种数的26.6%和19.1%，乔木、灌木较少；原产地来源最多的是北美洲（44种），占总种数的46.8%，最少的是非洲（8种），仅占总种数的8.5%；引进途径中，有意引进和无意引进分别占总种数的48.9%和51.1%。结论] 内蒙古外来入侵植物种类较多、涵盖科广泛，以菊科、苋科和禾本科为主；来源广、无意引进趋势增强。为了防止外来入侵植物对内蒙古生态、经济、人畜健康等方面的危害，应及时开展外来入侵植物风险评估、有效防除等工作。

Species investigation and related analysis of the alien invasive plants in Inner Mongolia

Aim] In recent years, the taxon and number of alien invasive plants have increased in Inner Mongolia, resulting in serious harm to local organisms and the environment. However, related research is lacking. Understanding the species composition of alien invasive plants and analyzing their life forms, origins, and introduction routes can provide basic data for the management and prevention of alien invasive plants in Inner Mongolia. Method] Based on field investigations, literature, and database collection, alien invasive plants in Inner Mongolia were classified and analyzed using the above mentioned basic data. Result] A total of 94 alien invasive species were recorded in Inner Mongolia, which belonging to 65 genera and 24 families. Among which, the families of Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, and Gramineae contained more than 10 species, accounting for 23.4%, 11.7%, and 11.7% of the total species, respectively. Life form analysis indicated that annual, biennial, and perennial herbs accounted for 72.3%, 26.6%, and 19.1% of the total species, respectively, whereas few trees and shrubs were found. In Inner Mongolia, most of the invasive alien plants originated from North America (44 species, 46.8%), and the least originated from Africa (8 species, 8.5%). Regarding the introduction route, intentional and unintentional introduction accounted for 48.9% and 51.1% of the total species, respectively. Conclusion] Many alien invasive plants were found in Inner Mongolia, covering a wide range of families, among which Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, and Gramineae dominated. Their sources were wide, and unintentional introduction was increasing. To prevent harm to local ecology, economy, and human and animal health, it is important to ensure risk assessment and effective control over time.