分蘖型谷子资源的表型和遗传多样性分析

本研究选用了来自国外及国内的68份分蘖型谷子进行了表型及遗传多样性分析。表型分析表明,质量性状以绿鞘、白谷黄米、圆锥穗、松散穗码居多,数量性状变异系数除出谷率较小外,其他性状表现了丰富的遗传变异,来自山西的小软谷单株穗重、单株穗粒重、千粒重均为最高,而来自黑龙江的大青谷单株穗粒重、出谷率、千粒重均为最低。遗传多样性分析结果表明,77对引物共检测出202个等位位点,每对引物可检测到1~6个位点不等,平均为2.62个;77对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)在0.0283~0.6974之间,平均多态性信息量(PIC)为0.4169,68份材料间的遗传相似系数变化范围为0.59~0.96,平均值为0.68。利用软件NTSYSpc 2.10的UPGMA聚类方法对68份谷子分蘖材料进行了聚类,这些材料被划分为4个类群,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ。Ⅰ类群主要来自西北地区谷子分蘖种质,Ⅱ类群主要来自国外谷子分蘖种质,Ⅲ类群包括华北、华东和东北的谷子分蘖种质,Ⅳ类群仅包括一个种质。结合表型鉴定出10份优势谷子分蘖种质。这些结果揭示68份谷子分蘖种质遗传多样性较好,研究结果为挖掘谷子分蘖优良基因及谷子分蘖育种提供理论依据。

Analysis of Phenotype and Genetic Diversity of Foxtail Millet Germplasm with Tillering

The phenotypic and genetic diversity of 68 cultivars of foxtail millet with tillering from abroad and domestic were analyzed in this study.The analysis of phenotype showed that the majority of qualitative traits such as sheath colour,grain colour,hull colour,panicle type and the density of spikelet were green,white,yellow,conic and loose,respectively.The coefficient of variation of the grain percentage was the smallest and other traits showed abundant genetic variation.The XIAO RUAN GU from Shanxi was of the highest values for the panicle weight of single plant,grain weight of single plant and weight of thousand-grain,but the DA QING GU from Heilongjiang was of the lowest values for the grain weight of single plant,grain percentage and weight of thousand-grain.Simultaneously,genetic diversity analysis of 68 foxtail millet germplasm with tillering were conducted using 77 pairs of SNP and SSR primers distributed across the millet genome.A total of 202 alleles with an average of 2.62 per pairs of primers,and 1-6 alleles per locus were detected.PIC varied greatly from 0.0283 to 0.6974 with an average of 0.4169.The genetic similarity coefficient varied from 0.59 to 0.96 with an average of 0.68.The clustering results based on UPGMA method showed that the tested materials could be divided into four groups named as Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,respectively.Ⅰ and Ⅱ were mainly come from Northwest of China and foreign country,respectively.However,Ⅲ were come from North,East,Northeast of China and the Ⅳ included only one material.A total of 10 millet germplasm with tillering were identified according to phenotype.All above revealed that the genetic diversity of 68 germplasm were good.These results would provide a theoretical basis for breeding and mining the good genes for tillering.