The role of Allee effects in gypsy moth, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lymantria dispar</Emphasis> (L.), invasions |
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Authors: | Patrick C Tobin Christelle Robinet Derek M Johnson Stefanie L Whitmire Ottar N Bjørnstad Andrew M Liebhold |
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Institution: | 1.Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture,Northern Research Station,Morgantown,USA;2.INRA,Orléans,France;3.Department of Biology,University of Louisiana,Lafayette,USA;4.Department of Agronomy and Soils,University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez,Mayagüez,Puerto Rico;5.Departments of Entomology and Biology,Pennsylvania State University,University Park,USA |
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Abstract: | Allee effects have been applied historically in efforts to understand the low-density population dynamics of rare and endangered
species. Many biological invasions likewise experience the phenomenon of decreasing population growth rates at low population
densities because most founding populations of introduced nonnative species occur at low densities. In range expansion of
established species, the initial colonizers of habitat beyond the organism’s current range are usually at low density, and
thus could be subject to Allee dynamics. There has been consistent empirical and theoretical evidence demonstrating, and in
some cases quantifying, the role of Allee dynamics in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), invasion of North America. In this review, we examine the potential causes of the Allee effect in the gypsy moth and
highlight the importance of mate-finding failure as a primary mechanism behind an Allee effect, while the degree to which
generalist predators induce an Allee effect remains unclear. We then explore the role of Allee effects in the establishment
and spread dynamics of the gypsy moth system, which conceptually could serve as a model system for understanding how Allee
effects manifest themselves in the dynamics of biological invasions. |
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Keywords: | Biological invasions Establishment Invasion dynamics Nonindigenous species Spread |
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