Classification of the heterogeneous structure of urban landscapes (STURLA) as an indicator of landscape function applied to surface temperature in New York City |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Milano School of International Affairs, Management and Urban Policy, The New School, 72 Fifth Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10011, USA;2. Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School, 79 Fifth Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA;3. Humboldt University of Berlin, Institute of Geography, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;4. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Climate Impacts & Vulnerabilities – Research Domain II, Tegraphenberg A 31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;5. Mat-Nat Faculty II, Institute of Geography, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;1. Tishman Environment and Design Center, The New School, New York, NY, USA;2. Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;3. Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT), Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;1. Center for Integrated Solutions to Climate Challenges, Arizona State University, United States;2. Department of Computer Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany;3. School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, United States;4. Science and Mathematics Faculty, School of Letters and Sciences, Arizona State University, United States;5. Center for Geographic Information Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, United States;1. Department of Geography, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin 10099, Germany;2. Department Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ? UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany;3. Research Group Ecosystem Services, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany;4. Department Computational Landscape Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ? UFZ, Permoser Strasse 16, Leipzig 04318, Germany;5. Department of International Economics, University of Lodz, P.O.W. 3/5, Lodz 90-255, Poland |
| |
| Abstract: | Defining landscape structure and key relationships between landscape structure and function is challenging in urban areas characterized by density and patchy spatial patterns. In order to trace the spatial and temporal patterns of urban landscape structures, compare patterns across cities, or inform urban design principles, we need to classify the landscape in a way that captures context and landscape heterogeneity, but can be broadly applied across different cities or landscape variations within a city. In this study, we introduce a simple and reproducible approach for classifying the structure of urban landscapes (STURLA) that utilizes heterogeneous, composite classes which represent combinations of built and natural features, and examine the response of a landscape function – surface temperature.This classification approach is unique in that it develops composite (as opposed to homogeneous) classes, which are defined a posteriori, based on compositions of adjacent structural elements that emerge in the urban landscape, using a cellular grid to define units of analysis. We test the separability of classes that emerge from this approach, and find that it is possible to discern classes – comprised of the mix of land and building covers common in urban areas – which have meaningfully distinct temperature signatures. This classification approach may be extended to multiple cities and ecological indicators in order to offer insight into the relationship between urban landscape structure and ecosystem response, in a way that accounts for interactions among different types of urban landscape surfaces. We suggest that this approach can support spatial prioritization of landscape function needs in urban development and design approaches for improving particular types of functioning, such as reductions in urban heat. |
| |
| Keywords: | Urban Landscape structure Landscape function Heterogeneity Scale |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
