Bacterial communities in water and sediment shaped by paper mill pollution and indicated bacterial taxa in sediment in Daling River |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Beijing 100021, China;2. Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;3. Institute of Extreme Environmental Nutrition and Protection, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China;4. International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China;1. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;2. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;3. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei 100, Taiwan;4. Assisted Reproductive Technology Center, An-An Women and Children Clinic, Tainan 704, Taiwan;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, Tainan 701, Taiwan;6. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;1. Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil;1. Department of Environmental Engineering – São Paulo State University, Campus Sorocaba, 511 Três de Março Avenue, Sorocaba, SP 18087-180, Brazil;2. Department of Environmental Sciences – Federal University of São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos (SP-264), Km 110, Sorocaba, SP 18052-780, Brazil;3. Department of Forestry and Natural Resources – Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2033, USA;4. Department of Geosciences – Mississippi State University, 108 Hilbun Hall, Starkville, MS 39762-5448, USA;1. Department of Environmental Microbiology, School for Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow, India;2. Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India;3. Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, School of Life and Allied Sciences, Baba Farid Institute of Technology, Dehradun, India;1. MARE − Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, c/o DCV, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Portugal;2. ICBAS − Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Department of Populations Study, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.° 228, 4050-313, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal;3. CIIMAR − Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;4. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Effluents from paper mills are highly toxic and are a major source of aquatic pollution. In this study, we collected water and sediment samples to examine the microbial communities using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and identified bacterial taxa greatly affected by paper mill pollution using next-generation sequencing data. Our results indicated that bacterial communities in downstream sediments were similar to those in paper mill discharge sites, indicating obvious effects of pollution, while bacterial communities in downstream water samples showed similar profiles to those in upstream sites, both being quite different from the bacterial communities in paper mill discharge sites. This was possibly because of the short contact period. In addition, bacterial communities in the estuary were quite different from those in other water and sediment samples, which was owing to the special habitat type. Considering the storage of paper mill pollutants in sediment and the significant effect on shifts in bacterial communities, we selected Clostridia and Epsilonproteobacteria at the class level and Fusibacter and Desulfobulbus at the genus level as bacterial indicators of paper mill pollution. To monitor the remediation of polluted aquatic environments, we propose Sphingobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Subdivision3, Planctomycetacia and Verrucomicrobiae at the class level and Bacillus, Steroidobacter, Nocardioides, Terrimonas, Pirellula and Methylibium at the genus level. |
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| Keywords: | Paper mill pollution Bacterial communities Indicated bacteria |
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