细胞周期研究的新进展

细胞周期研究的新进展陆长德（中国科学院上海生物化学研究所２０００３１）主要来自三方面的研究以及它们之间的相互交叉对于细胞周期研究的进展起了很大的作用。十多年来酵母分子遗传学的研究鉴定了许多与细胞周期的控制有关的基因，提供了许多突变株（如ＣＤＣ）；１９８８年对蛙卵成熟促进因子ＭＰＦ成分的鉴定和对它生物学功能的确定使人们对细胞周期的认识有了一个飞跃；人类的致癌基因（如Ｔａｇ），肿瘤抑制基因（如p53,pRB)以及其他一些疾病(如对电离辐射敏感的遗传病,AT的分子机制的研究也大大地促进了细胞周期的研究。

Progress in cell cycle research

More cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) have been identified, PCL1/PHO85 PCL2/PHO85 can drive the progress of G1 phase in CLN1 and CLN2, inactivated budding yeast shows thatthere is not only one CDK in low eukaryotes.The ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of cyclin B was found depended on an amino acid sequencecalled "destruction box"near the N-terminal of cyclin B. Several proteins E1, E2, E3, CDC16, CDC23,and CDC27 are involved this process. The proteolytic destruction of cyclin B is controled by the spindleassambly check point.The discovery of many PRB interact proteins implys that PRB may plays more functions in thecontrol of cell cycle.New progress in DNA replication is that some replication liciensing factors(RLF)have been identified and the site specific initiation of DNA synthesis is determined in G1 phase.The N-and C-terminal domains of p21 bind to CDK and PCNA respectively show the dual functions of p21 in the cell cycle control.The C domain of DNA polymerase E functionsas S phase checkPOint may link the complete ofDNA replication to the control of cell cycle.