Origin and evolution of the RIG-I like RNA helicase gene family |
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Authors: | Jun Zou Mingxian Chang Pin Nie and Chris J Secombes |
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Institution: | (1) Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK;(2) State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 South Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430072, PR China |
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Abstract: | Background The DExD/H domain containing RNA helicases such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated
gene 5 (MDA5) are key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for detecting nucleotide pathogen associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) of invading viruses. The RIG-I and MDA5 proteins differentially recognise conserved PAMPs in double stranded
or single stranded viral RNA molecules, leading to activation of the interferon system in vertebrates. They share three core
protein domains including a RNA helicase domain near the C terminus (HELICc), one or more caspase activation and recruitment
domains (CARDs) and an ATP dependent DExD/H domain. The RIG-I/MDA5 directed interferon response is negatively regulated by
laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (LGP2) and is believed to be controlled by the mitochondria antiviral signalling protein
(MAVS), a CARD containing protein associated with mitochondria. |
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