中华蟾蜍颈动脉腺的组织学结构

2005年10月～2006年5月，用组织学技术研究中华蟾蜍颈动脉腺结构。结果表明，颈动脉腺位于外颈动脉基部，圆球形，深红色至棕褐色。组织结构显示：颈动脉腺的外壁是动脉管壁的延续，包括外膜、中膜和内膜。整个外壁厚薄不均。颈动脉腺的最大特点是中膜和内膜并不像一般血管形成环圈状，而是从不同部位向管腔突出延伸、相互连接构成大小不一、形状各异、迂回曲折的网状血管。管腔大者，管壁厚，弹性纤维、平滑肌纤维多，内膜靠腔面内皮细胞多成立方状，细胞核端位近圆形；管腔小者，管壁薄，弹性纤维、平滑肌纤维少，内皮细胞扁平、排列稀疏，胞核长梭形；一些区域管径极小，管壁极薄，成为开放的血窦，只允许一个血细胞通过。网状管壁间有密集成团的大型类上皮细胞等细胞分布。据结构推测中华蟾蜍颈动脉腺有调节血压等功能。

Histological Structure of Carotid Gland of Bufo gargarizans

The carotid gland of Bufo gargarizans was studied by using the light microscopic technique. The result reveals that the carotid gland is a crimson sphericity at the base of external carotid artery. The gland wall is a continuation of the carotid wall and consists of intima, media and extima. The thickness is not uniformity. The representative characteristic of the gland is that its intima and media are not ring form like those of general blood vessels but reculodromous and they extend to ducts cavity from different places and join each other to form tortuose reticulated vessels which have different shapes and sizes in diameter. The reticulated vessel which has large cavity has thicker wall due to more elastic fibers and more smooth muscles and its endothelium is cuboidal epithelium which has rotundity karyons. But the reticulated vessel which has small cavity has thinner wall due to less elastic fibers and less smooth muscles and its endothelial cells are flat epithelial cells which have longshuttle-shaped karyons. In some regions, the ducts are very small in diameter and thin of wall, and they become blood sinus in the end. There are dense large epithelium-like cells in the reticulated walls. According to its structure we presume that the carotid gland has its function of regulating blood pressure.