间伐强度对坝上樟子松林下持水能力的影响

河北坝上地区地势复杂、气候条件较差,导致了水土流失和地质灾害的发生,使华北地区生态安全受到严重威胁。为了改善当地生态环境,樟子松、落叶松等耐贫瘠速生树种被大面积种植,然而不合理的植被密度会导致降雨的低效率利用。本研究以5种间伐强度(0、20%、40%、60%、80%)的樟子松林为对象,分析间伐强度对林下草本、枯落物、土壤各层以及整体持水能力的影响。结果表明: 草本层持水率变化幅度为47.7%～90.7%,且随着间伐强度增加持水能力整体呈减小趋势,间伐强度小于40%时减速较缓,之后迅速减小。随间伐强度的增大,枯落物未分解层、半分解层自然含水率和最大持水率均逐渐减小,而有效持水能力大小依次为60%>40%>20%>80%>0,且半分解层持水能力均优于未分解层。土壤持水能力随间伐强度的增强逐渐降低,间伐强度小于40%时对持水能力起促进作用。不同间伐强度下,林下总持水率是8.3%～14.3%,依次为20%>0>40%>60%>80%。 鉴于林下各层及整体变化,研究区内选择强度为20%的间伐措施能有效提高林下持水能力,实现更好的生态效益。

Effects of thinning intensity on the understory water-holding capacity of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Bashang area of north China

The complex terrain and poor climatic conditions in Bashang area of Hebei Province result in water and soil loss and geological disasters, which pose a serious threat to ecological safety in North China. In order to improve local environmental quality, barren-resistant and fast-growing tree species such as Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii are planted with large areas. However, unreasonable plantation density will lead to inefficient utilization of rainfall and intensify the conflict between forest and water. In this study, we analyzed the effects of five thinning intensities (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica plantation on herbs, litter, soil and overall water-holding capacity, with the aim to provide scientific basis for management of P. sylvestris var. mongolica. The results showed that water-holding rate of herb varied from 47.7% to 90.7%, and that the water-holding capacity of herb decreased with increasing thinning intensity. When the thinning intensity was less than 40%, water-holding capacity decreased slowly, and then decreased rapidly. With the increase of thinning intensity, natural water-holding rate and maximum water-holding rate of undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer decreased gradually, with the effective water-holding rate being 60%>40%>20%>80%>0, and the water-holding capacity of semi-decomposed layer being better than that of undecomposed layer. The water-holding capacity of soil decreased gradually with the increases of thinning intensity. Thinning intensity less than 40% promoted water holding capacity. Under different thinning intensities, the total water-holding rate of understory was 8.3%-14.3%, with an order of 20%>0>40%>60%>80%. In view of understory all layers and overall changes, the thinning intensity at 20% in the study area could effectively improve the understory water-holding capacity and achieve better ecological benefits.