植物根系分泌物在污染及沙化土壤修复中的应用现状与前景

近年来重金属污染等生态环境问题日益受到重视,而物理、化学修复方法存在的诸如成本高、二次污染等问题,使得利用植物、微生物等进行联合治理成为环境修复的重要手段。植物根系分泌物作为植物与土壤进行营养和信息交流的重要媒介,不但对植物的生长具有重要作用,其在污染及沙化土壤修复中作用的研究也得以广泛开展。本文对根系分泌物的组成、分泌机制进行了阐述,并对其在植物吸收重金属、化感作用、植物根系与根际微生物互作、改变土壤理化性质等过程中的作用及机理进行了总结。此外,本文还对利用根系分泌物和根际微生物在生态环境治理中的应用现状、面临的难题及未来的发展等进行了讨论。希望本文可为基于植物与微生物进行的环境修复技术的实际应用提供理论支撑。

Status and prospects of the application of root exudates in the restoration of polluted or desertated soil

Ecological and environmental problems including heavy metal pollution have received increasing concerns. Given the shortage of physical and chemical remediation methods in high cost and secondary pollution, using plants and microorganisms for joint remediation of environment has become one of the most important strategies. Root exudates are an important medium for information and nutrient exchange between plants and soil. The roles of plant root exudates in remediation of polluted and degradated soil have been widely studied. In this review, we described the composition, secretion mechanism and functions of root exudates and summarized the functions of root exudate in heavy metal absorption, allelopathy, interaction between roots and rhizosphere microorga-nisms, and changes in soil physical and chemical properties. The progress, challenges and prospect of applying root exdudates and rhizosphere microorganisms in the remediation of ecology and environment have also been discussed. This review could provide theoretical support for the application of plant-microorganism based environmental remediation.