四种抗旱植物在不同区域的生长稳定性

我国抗干旱林木种质资源十分丰富,评价和筛选适合多样化干旱逆境的优良种质,是造林工作者亟待解决的难题。本研究以不同种源的山桃、山杏、黄柳、蒙古莸4个林木树种为试材,选择内蒙古自治区中东部的达拉特旗、四子王旗、库伦旗扣河子镇和库伦旗六家子镇4个不同土壤类型进行区域化多点试验,分析不同物种、不同种源树种的生长生理状况,并采用AMMI模型评价种质的区域适应性和稳定性。结果表明: 山桃、山杏、黄柳、蒙古莸的生长和生理指标在种源间和地点之间表现出一定的差异;不同地点的土壤条件(K、N含量、pH值)和气候条件(年均温、年降水量、潜在蒸散量)均对不同种源树种的生长产生一定的影响。从物种层面来讲,黄柳和蒙古莸更适应达拉特旗和四子王旗的沙壤土和栗钙土环境;山桃和山杏更适应库伦旗扣河子镇和六家子镇的黄土和风沙土环境。从种源层面来讲,土左旗种源的山桃,宁城、原州种源的山杏,蓝旗种源的黄柳和靖边种源的蒙古莸为区域稳定性较高且生长适应性较好的种源树种,适宜在相似区域推广造林。

Growth stability of four drought resistant plant species in different regions

There are abundant germplasm resources of drought resistant trees in China. It is difficult for foresters to evaluate and screen excellent germplasm that is suitable for various drought adverse circumstances. In this study, four tree species from different provenances, namely Amygdalus davi-diana, Prunus sibirica, Salix gordejevii, and Caryopteris mongolica, were used as test materials. Four soil regions, namely Dalad Banner, Siziwang Banner, Kouhezi town and Liujiazi town of Kulun Banner in the Central and Eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected as multi-point experiment sites to analyze the growth and physiological status of different tree species and provenances. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model was used to evaluate the regional adaptability and stability of the germplasm. The growth and physiological indices of four tree species differed between provenances and locations. Soil conditions (potassium content, nitrogen content, and pH) and climate conditions (annual average temperature, precipitation, and potential evaportranspiration) in different locations all influenced the growth of different provenance species. Concerning tree species, S. gordejevii and C. mongolica are more adapted to the sandy loam and chestnut soil of Dalad Banner and Siziwang Banner. A. davidiana and P. sibirica L. are more adapted to the loess and aeolian sandy soil of Kouhezi town and Liujiazi town. Concerning tree provenances, A. davidiana of Tuzuo, P. sibirica of Ningcheng and Yuanzhou, S. gordejevii of Lanqi, and C. mongolica of Jingbian displayed higher regional stability and better growth adaptability, indicating their suitability for afforestation in similar areas.