黄土丘陵区6种侧蒴藓类植物营养繁殖特征

侧蒴藓类植物是苔藓植物中体型较大的类群，形态结构复杂，在水土保持、水源涵养等方面有巨大的应用潜力。该研究以黄土丘陵区6种常见侧蒴藓类植物为材料，采用人工气候室培养，研究了不同侧蒴藓类植物营养繁殖特征及种间差异。结果显示：（1）6种侧蒴藓类植物具有较强的繁殖能力，平均10 d和17 d均萌发新配子体和原丝体；营养繁殖中，6种藓新配子体萌发时间早于原丝体，其中青藓（Brachythecyum albicans）的新配子体萌发最早，镰叶灰藓（Hypnum bambergeri）萌发最晚。（2）6种藓新配子体的发枝长度、发枝数量在培养过程中均呈先增加后平稳的趋势，发枝长度在萌发后第21天均趋于平稳，发枝数量在第28天时均趋于平稳；藓盖度除柳叶藓（Amblystegium serpens）在培养结束前继续增加外其余藓种在生长42 d后趋于平稳，其中青藓的发枝长度、发枝数量、盖度增幅最明显，分别较萌发前增加4.73 mm、1.53条、46.22%。（3）6种藓盖度、新配子体发枝长度及发枝数量的增长速率差异显著，其中青藓3个指标的增长速率均显著高于其他藓种（P<0.05），分别为0.97%·d^-1、0.24 mm·d^-1和0.101 条·d^-1。发枝长度增加速率最慢的是鳞叶藓（Taxiphyllum taxirameums），为0.17 mm·d^-1、发枝数量增加速率最慢的是镰叶灰藓，为0.041条·d^-1、盖度增加速率最慢的是荫地绢藓（Entodon caliginosus），为0.46%·d^-1。结果表明，黄土丘陵区6种常见侧蒴藓类植物通过人工培养均可进行营养繁殖，但营养繁殖存在种间差异，其中青藓的营养繁殖能力优势显著。本研究明确了侧蒴藓类植物营养繁殖特征及人工培养的可能性，可为该藓类植物在水土保持及生态恢复中的应用提供科学依据。

Vegetative Propagation Characteristics Six Pleurocarpous Mosses from Hilly Loess Plateau Region

Pleurocarpous mosses, a group of bryophytes with large size, have complex morphological structure and play important roles in soil and water conservation. In this study, vegetative propagation of six species of pleurocarpous mosses that collected from the typical Hilly Loess Plateau region were investigated by artificial cultivation experiment, so as to determine their characteristics and inter specific differences. The results showed that: (1) the six species of moss exhibited strong regenerative capacities. The germination times of the new gametophyte and protonema averaged out to 10^th and 17^th day of cultivation, respectively. Furthermore, the germination time of gametophyte of the six mosses was earlier than that of proteome. Among the six mosses, Brachyhecyum albicans was the first one that germinated gametophyte and Hypnum bambergeri was the last one. (2) During cultivation period, the branch length, branch number and coverage of the six mosses showed an increasing trend along with the increasing of cultivation time, and stabilized, thereafter. The branch length and number of the six mosses tended to be stable in the 21st and 28th day after germination, respectively. Coverage of the six mosses, except Amblystegium serpens, whose coverage continued to increase, began to stabilize after 42 day cultivation. B. albicans showed the largest increase of branch length, branch number and coverage, which were 4.73 mm, 1.53 and 46.22%, respectively. (3) The average rate of coverage, branch length and branch number showed significant differences between moss species. The three indices of B. albicans are 0.97%·d^-1, 0.24 mm·d^-1 and 0.101 shoot·d^-1, respectively. They are significantly higher than those of other species (P<0.05). The slowest rate of branch length, branch number and coverage were observed in Taxiphyllum taxirameums (0.17 mm·d^-1), Hypnum bambergeri (0.041 shoot·d^-1) and Entodon caliginosus (0.46%·d^-1). The results showed a strong reproductive and artificial cultivation capacity of the six species of common pleurocarpous moss from Hilly Loess Plateau region. Further, B. albicans showed an advantage over other species. This is as earlier report on the reproductive and cultivation capacity on the pleurocarpous mosses in the region, which may provide support for the application of such moss species in soil and water conservation and ecological restoration.