《生物多样性公约》对遗传资源国际交流政策的影响

《生物多样性公约》于1992年在巴西里约热内卢签订，1993年生效。该公约提出了“国家对生物遗传资源拥有主权、获取生物遗传资源须事先得到资源所有者的知情同意、利用生物遗传资源所产生的利益应由资源所有者和开发者公平分享”三项基本原则，其生效与实施促进了各国生物多样性保护的立法行动，在维护资源原产国利益方面发挥了积极的作用，同时也给遗传资源的国际交流增添了一些障碍。本文介绍了《生物多样性公约》中有关生物遗传资源获取和利益分享的条款及其对国际交流政策的影响，并提出了加强遗传资源国际交换的对策和建议。

Effect of the Convention on Biological Diversity on International Exchange of Biogenetic Resources

Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) was signed in 1992 and came into force in 1993.CBD argues against traditional view of "genetic resources is the heritage of all humankind"and sets up three principles as:(1) States have the sovereign rights over their own natural resources;(2) Accessing to genetic resources shall be subject to prior informed consent of the Contracting Party providing such resources;(3) Benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources shall be shared in a fair and equitable way among the Contracting Parties.The entry into force of CBD has great impact on actions of lawmaking on conservation of biodiversity and protection of benefits of biodiversity rich countries.However,more blocks in international exchange of genetic resources are created.The clauses of accessing and benefits sharing of biogenetic resources in CBD,and effects of CBD on international exchange policy were introduced in this article.The countermeasures and suggestion to strengthen international exchange biogenetic resources were also put forward.