基于生态安全格局的山水林田湖草生态保护与修复

山水林田湖草生命共同体理论认为：生态要素之间存在普遍联系。在生态安全格局构建中，也应着重维护生态过程的完整性与连通性。以宁波市下辖6个城区为研究区，基于山水林田湖草生命共同体理论构建生态安全格局，以景观连通性评价与栖息地质量评价为基础提取生态源地，确定生态保育区。选取地形、地类因子分别作不同距离的缓冲区分析，对由土地利用类型设定的基础阻力面进行修正，形成综合阻力面。通过最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道，与生态保育区结合，构建宁波市点-线-面的生态安全格局。研究结果表明：生态源地面积47.24 km²，占研究区总面积的1.30%，生态源地分布较为分散，在东西方向上分布不均衡，生态保育区总面积1191.67 km²，占研究区总面积的32.83%。生态保育区与山地丘陵重合度较高，且植被覆盖度高，生态资源丰富，生态廊道总长度519.32 km。研究区生态廊道呈网状分布，有效的促进物质能量的流动。在阻力面设定中引入邻域分析方法，突出了不同生态要素之间的联系，体现了山水林田湖草生命共同体思想，为该地区生态保护修复提供参考。

Ecological conservation and restoration of Life Community Theory based on the construction of ecological security pattern

The Life Community Theory holds that there is a general relationship between ecological factors, so the integrity and connectivity of ecological process should also be maintained in the construction of ecological security pattern. In this paper, six urban districts of Ningbo City were chosen as the research area, and the ecological source areas were identified by the combination of landscape connectivity evaluation and habitat quality assessment. In the construction of the resistance surface, the terrain, forest land and water body factors were selected to adjust the basic resistance surface set by the land use type. The ecological corridors were identified by the model of minimum cumulative resistance, and the ecological source areas, ecological corridors and ecological conservation areas were superposed to construct the ecological security pattern. The results show that the ecological source areas are 47.24 km² accounting for 1.30% of the total study area. The distribution of ecological sources is scattered, uneven in the east-west direction, and more in the eastern region. The total area of the ecological protection zone is 1191.67 km², accounting for 32.83% of the total study area. The total length of the ecological corridor is 519.32 km. The ecological corridors in the study area are distributed in a network, which effectively promotes the flow of material and energy. The application of neighborhood analysis method in the resistance surface setting highlights the relationship between different ecological factors, embodies the idea of Life Community Theory, and provides references for ecological protection and restoration in this area.