基于生态系统服务的山水林田湖草生态保护修复研究——以南太行地区鹤山区为例

开展山水林田湖草生态保护修复是生态文明建设的重要内容，将生态系统服务评价成果与山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程相结合，以国家第三批山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点-河南省南太行地区鹤山区为例，探究生态系统服务评价成果在区域山水林田湖草生态保护修复中的应用。结果表明，近年来鹤山区生态系统服务价值整体呈下降趋势且生态环境破坏严重。其中，2014-2017年鹤山区各土地类型二级服务ESV减少了303.95万元。研究期内，水资源供给、气体调节功能、气候调节、净化环境、水文调节、土壤保持、生物多样性和美学景观等8项生态服务价值都出现不同程度的下降；在鹤山区生态保护修复工作中需要重点关注生态系统的水文调节、净化环境、土壤保持和生物多样性等服务功能，相应的生态保护修复工程应集中在河道生态修复与湿地保护、矿山生态环境修复与土地整治、森林及生物多样性保护修复；鹤山区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程能够提升区域生态服务价值。其中，工程实施后的生态系统服务价值总量预计能达到36407.95万元，比2017年增加7741.96万元，增长率为27%且各项生态服务价值均有提升。研究结果对鹤山区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程的实施有一定的指导性作用。

Ecological protection and restoration of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands based on ecosystem services-utilizing Heshan section of the south Taihang area as an example

Ecological protection and restoration of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland are important parts of ecological civilization construction. This paper combines the evaluation of ecosystem services with ecological protection and restoration projects. Taking the third batch of national pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland in Heshan District of South Taihang of Henan Province as an example, it explores the application of ecosystem service evaluation to ecological protection and restoration.The results show that the ecosystem service value of Heshan District has declined and the ecological environment has been seriously damaged in recent years. From 2014 to 2017, the ecosystem service value of secondary services for different land types in Heshan District decreased by 3039500 yuan. During the research period, the value of eight ecological services declined by varying degrees, including supply of water resources, gas regulation, climate regulation, purification environment, hydrological regulation, soil conservation, biodiversity, and aesthetic landscape. The results of this study on ecological protection and restoration in Heshan District indicate that attention should be paid to the service functions of hydrological regulation, purification environment, soil conservation, and ecosystem biodiversity. Ecological protection and restoration projects should focus on river ecological restoration and wetland protection, mine ecological environment restoration and land reclamation, forest and biodiversity conservation and restoration; mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands ecological protection and restoration projects in Heshan District can enhance the value of regional ecological services. Among them, the total value of ecosystem services after implementation is expected to reach 364079500 yuan, an increase of 77419600 yuan over 2017, representing a growth rate of 27% and improved value of various ecosystem services. These results will play a guiding role in the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands in Heshan District.