三个耐旱树种木质部栓塞化的脆弱性及其恢复能力

植物在长期适应赖以生存的自然环境中 ,形成了一套最适宜自身生长发育的生理生态行为 ,采取各种方式来抵御或忍耐水分胁迫的影响。如通过具有深广而茂密的根系格局来保持水分吸收 ,通过气孔调节、角质层障碍作用和小的叶蒸发表面来减少水分散失 ,通过渗透调节和增加组织弹性来保持膨压 ,通过增强原生质耐脱水能力来免受伤害或少受伤害等等。植物遭受干旱危害时 ,首先出现表型反应的多是植物的叶片 ,因此 ,研究植物的耐旱机理多从叶入手 ,对根系类型、分布及根茎比在植物耐旱性方面也有不少报道[1,2 ],而对木质部在干旱适应性反应方面的研究…

Studies on the Xylem Draught-Tolerant Characteristics of Three Draught-Tolerant Tree Species.

The xylem embolism vulnerability and refilling ability were measured in one-year-old twigs of three draught-tolerant tree species, which were Ulmus pumila L., Hippophae rhamnoides L., and Corylus heterophylla Fisch., and three types of vulnerability curves for them were also established. The results showed that the water potential threshold for inducing embolism in three species was -0 1-0 3MPa, and the embolism reached its maximum value at the water potential of -2 5-3 5MPa. The xylem embolism vulnerability of three species was in the order of Hippophae> Ulmus> Corylus. The refilling of embolized xylem could occur while the water potential is below zero in all the species. In Hippophae, fully restoring occurred after thirty minutes under the water potential of -0 5MPa and -1 0MPa, but for Ulmus and Corylus, the restoration could reach about 90% in thirty minutes under the water potential of -0 60MPa and -0 34MPa, respectively. Ulmus could restore fully through one night (12hours) under the water potential of -0 59MPa. The refilling capacity of three species was Hippophae> Ulmus> Corylus . The xylem of the three draught-tolerant species is not only very vulnerable to embolization or very sensible to water stress but also capable of refilling its embolized xylem in a short period of time. Vulnerable and drought-tolerant species had significant xylem embolism in higher water potential, which decreased the hydraulic conductivity so that limited water loss. Drought-tolerant species had more ability to refill its embolized xylem in a short period of time. These were the ways through which trees resist and tolerate drought or water stress.