鸡的遗传多样性的研究方法及研究进展

遗传多样性是生物学研究中的一个重要领域,研究鸡的遗传多样性,不仅能加强生物多样性的保护。同时对起源进化、分类鉴定及遗传育种等都有重要的意义。本文对目前DNA水平鸡的遗传多样性的研究方法和研究进展进行了详细的阐述。重点介绍了DNA分子标记的特征;概括了在鸡遗传多样性分子标记的方法,包括微卫星分子标记(SSR)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、随机扩增多态性标记(RAPD)、限制性片段长度多态性标记(RFLP)和单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP)。本文综述了最近有关鸡DNA水平的遗传多样性的研究方法在系统学、遗传结构、生物地理等研究中的应用情况;提出在研究鸡遗传多样性时,可根据研究的目的,选择合适的方法。

Research Methods and Progress on the Genetic Diversity of Chickens

The study on genetic diversity is an important field in recent research of biology.The researches on the genetic diversity of chicken not only help to reinforce the conservation of biodiversity,but also have great significance on origin and evolution,class identification,genetics and breeding.This paper reviewed the methods and dynamics in recent genetic diversity research on the chicken at the DNA-level.It introduced systematically the characters of nucleolus DNA and mitochondrial DNA molecular marker,and summarized the studying methods such as simple sequence repeats(SSR),amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLP),random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD),restricted fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP).The application of these methods in the research fields of phylogenetics,genetic structure and biogeography were also overviewed in this article.Moreover,it was suggested that the better way to research the genetic diversity of chickens is to choose the proper research method according to research objective.