Metabolic rate during foraging in the honeybee

Summary The metabolic rate of free-flying honeybees, Apis mellifera ligustica, was determined by means of a novel respirometric device that allowed measurement of CO₂ produced by bees foraging under controlled reward at an artificial food source. Metabolic rate increased with reward (sugar flow rate) at the food source. In addition, there was no clear-cut dependence of metabolic rate on load carried during the visit, neither as crop load nor as supplementary weights attached to the thorax. The hypothesis that metabolic rate, as well as foraging and recruiting activities, depend on the motivational state of the foraging bee determined by the reward at the food source is discussed.Abbreviations CL crop load (fuel load at the FSS) - FC (=CL-W_c), fuel consumed during the visit - FSS food source simulator - FSS +dome, respirometric chamber - NVT non-visit time - TT titration time - VT visit time - W_c (=W_f-W_i) load carried at the end of the visit - W_f final weight of the forager - W_i initial weight of the forager