温度和卵大小对尖吻蝮幼蛇孵化及存活率影响的研究

目的研究尖吻蝮（Dienagkistrodon acutus）幼蛇成活率低的原因，观察不同温度条件和不同卵大小对尖吻蝮幼蛇的孵化、幼体特征、转化率、幼蛇存活率的影响。方法将不同窝尖吻蝮蛇卵按产卵日期相差不超过1天分为同一组，每组随机选择不同的温度进行孵化，采用隔水式恒温培养箱进行控温，以常温孵化作为对照试验，幼蛇出壳后采集相关试验数据并进行分析。在环境条件、养殖模式和养殖方法相同情况下对幼蛇饲养3个月，然后统计各组成活率。结果尖吻蝮幼体的孵化和幼体特征及存活率与孵化温度条件有明显相关性，孵化温度越高，孵化期越短，畸形率越高，蛇卵重量转化为幼体体重的转化率越低，3月龄幼蛇存活率越低。较大的尖吻蝮蛇卵孵出的幼蛇个体较大，生存力较强，存活率较高。结论尖吻蝮幼蛇的存活率与孵化温度条件及蛇卵重量大小有明显相关性，较适宜的孵化温度为24-26℃，蛇卵越大幼蛇存活率越高。

Study the effect of temperature and size of egg on Dienagkistrodon acutus hatching and survival rate

Objective To uncover the cause of the low survival rate of immature Dienagkistrodon acutus,and to explore the impact of different temperature and different egg weight on the hatching,young features,transformation efficiency and survival rate of the immature Dienagkistrodon acutus.Methods Different nest of snake eggs spawning date not differ more than one days divided into some group,each group randomly choose a different temperature incubation.Except the room temperature group seted as control,all other groups were hatched in water-jacket incubator.After the young snake came out,all data were recorded and analyzed.Moreover,the survival rate of different temperature treatment groups were recorded after 3 months hand-feeding under the same environmental condition,the same feed mode and the same cultivation method.Results The hatching,young features and survival rate of the immature Dienagkistrodon acutus was strong correlated with the hatch temperature.Within seted temperature range,as the treatment temperature raised,the incubation period was shortened significantly,however the abnormity ratio was climbed,and the transformation efficiency and survival rate of 3 months old young snakes was descended.Additionally,the weighter of the egg the bigger of the young snake obtained,which was also showed more strong viability and high survival rate.Conclusion The survival rate of the immature Dienagkistrodon acutus was remarkably correlated with the hatch temperature and its egg weight,the most suitable incubation temperature of 24~26℃,the larger the snake eggs the higher the survival rate of baby snake.