Molecular differentiation of sex chromosomes probed by comparative genomic hybridization |
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Authors: | Walther Traut Ken Sahara Thomas D Otto František Marec |
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Institution: | Institut für Biologie, Medizinische Universit?t zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany, DE
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Abstract: | Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was used to identify and probe sex chromosomes in several XY and WZ systems. Chromosomes
were hybridized simultaneously with FluorX-labelled DNA of females and Cy3-labelled DNA of males in the presence of an excess
of Cot-1 DNA or unlabelled DNA of the homogametic sex. CGH visualized the molecular differentiation of the X and Y in the
house mouse, Mus musculus, and in Drosophila melanogaster: while autosomes were stained equally by both probes, the X and Y chromosomes were stained preferentially by the female-derived
or the male-derived probe, respectively. There was no differential staining of the X and Y chromosomes in the fly Megaselia scalaris, indicating an early stage of sex chromosome differentiation in this species. In the human and the house mouse, labelled
DNA of males in the presence of unlabelled DNA of females was sufficient to highlight Y chromosomes in mitosis and interphase.
In WZ sex chromosome systems, the silkworm Bombyx mori, the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella, and the wax moth Galleria mellonella, the W chromosomes were identified by CGH in mitosis and meiosis. They were conspicuously stained by both female- and male-derived
probes, unlike the Z chromosomes, which were preferentially stained by the male-derived probe in E. kuehniella only but were otherwise inconspicuous. The ratio of female:male staining and the pattern of staining along the W chromosomes
was species specific. CGH shows that W chromosomes in these species are molecularly well differentiated from the Z chromosomes.
The conspicuous binding of the male-derived probe to the W chromosomes is presumably due to an accumulation of common interspersed
repetitive sequences.
Received: 6 January 1999; in revised form: 28 January 1999 / Accepted: 11 February 1999 |
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