农业生态产品及其价值实现路径

农业生态产品价值实现对我国粮食安全、生态保护、重要战略布局意义重大。本研究梳理了农业生产系统和农业生态产品(农产品、其他生态系统服务与负服务)的概念与边界,基于能值分析构建了农业生产系统所提供的服务核算方法体系,核算了我国单位面积典型农产品生态系统服务与负服务,并进一步提出分类化的农业生态产品价值实现路径: 1)已经通过市场化价值实现的农业生态产品需要通过提升绿色度、特殊度和建立农业产业链等实现溢价增值;2)尚未通过市场化价值实现的农业生态产品需要进行价值补偿途径,或通过生态产品赋能及区域共用品牌质量承诺实现价值变现;3)通过多途径减少温室气体排放、通过土地养分管理策略减少氮磷、农药、杀虫剂对生态系统和人群健康的损害,以及通过合理的景观结构减少农业生态系统负服务的产生,以此实现农业生态产品的价值保值;4)还可通过取消二次农业补贴、建立生态交易平台和生态产品认证等推动相关的金融方案。本研究有助于提出农业生态产品价值实现路径,促进绿色金融发展,推动自然资源管理能力现代化。

Agro-ecological product and its value realization pathway

The value realization of agro-ecological products is of great significance to China’s food security, ecological protection, and strategic blueprint. We reviewed the concepts and boundaries of agricultural ecosystem and agro-ecological products(including agricultural products, other ecosystem services and dis-services). Based on the emergy method, the agricultural ecosystem service quantification method was proposed and the ecosystem services and dis-services of typical agricultu-ral products per unit area in China were calculated. Further, the type-specific values realization pathways of the agro-ecological products were discussed. It was found that 1) the values of the agro-ecological products, which has been realized through market mechanism, can further be added by the means of increasing green degrees or special degree, and establishing agricultural industrial chains;2) the values of the agro-ecological products, which have not yet been realized through market mechanism, should be compensated or realized through ecological product empowerment and regional shared brand quality commitment;3) the values of the agro-ecological products can be preserved or increased through reducing the harmfulness of N, P, pesticides and insecticides to ecosystem and human health by multi-approaches-based GHG emission reduction, land nutrient management strategies, and rational landscape architecture;4) some financial solutions can be promoted, e.g., cancellation of secondary agricultural subsidies, the establishment of ecological trading platform and the certification of ecological products. This study contributes to propose the value realization pathways of agro-ecological products, advance the development of green finance, and promote the modernization of natural resource management capabilities.