煤气炮和声波驱鸟器有效距离的评估

鸟击事故主要发生在机场区域,通过使用驱鸟设备减少机场鸟类活动是预防鸟击的主要措施之一。本研究以家鸽和红隼两种高危险鸟类作为受试对象,选择沈阳桃仙国际机场使用的煤气炮和定向声波驱鸟器,观察在设备正常运行期间鸟类位于不同距离上的行为反应,探究两种驱鸟设备的有效作用距离以及效果。结果表明: 家鸽和红隼在距离煤气炮驱鸟器10、30 m时的警戒、逃跑行为显著高于对照,而在50 m处的各种行为次数与对照没有显著差别。家鸽和红隼在距离定向声波驱鸟器50、100 m时能够显著引起警戒和逃跑行为,在300 m处仍能显著引起红隼的警戒行为。可见,煤气炮的有效驱鸟距离为30 m,定向声波的有效驱鸟距离可达300 m,即定向声波的驱鸟效果要强于煤气炮。本研究可为机场引进驱鸟设备以及合理使用提供依据。

Comparative evaluation of efficient bird repeller distance between gas gun and sound bird repeller

Bird strike accidents mainly occur in the airport area.Reducing bird activities through bird repeller equipment is one of the main measures to prevent bird strike.In this study,two bird species with high-risk,pigeon(Columba livia domestica)and kestrel(Falco tinnunculus),were selected as the subjects and the gas gun and directional acoustic bird repeller were selected as the evaluation objects in Shenyang Taoxian International Airport.This study aimed to examine the behavioral responses of birds at different distances during the normal operation of these equipment to explore their effective distance and effects.The results showed that the vigilant and escape behaviors of pigeons and kestrels at 10 m and 30 m away from the gas gun bird repeller which were significantly higher than those of the control,while the number of these behaviors at 50 m away was not significantly different from that of the control.Pigeons and kestrels at 50 m and 100 m away from the directional acoustic bird repeller could significantly increase their vigilant and escape behaviors,whereas the repeller could significantly cause kestrels to increase their vigilant behavior at 300 m away.We concluded that the effective bird expel distance of the gas gun was 30 m,and the directional acoustic bird repeller could effectively expel to 300 m,and that the effect of the directional acoustic bird repeller on birds was stronger than the gas gun.Our results could provide a reference for the introduction and rational use of bird expel equipment in the airports.