船舶压载水携带外来物种及其对水域生态环境的影响

随着世界航运业的不断发展 ,船舶频繁地来往于世界各地 ,船舶压载水作为一种外来物种传播的有效媒介物 ,使得不同水域的物种得以传播到其他水域。这些物种种类繁多 ,普遍具有适应性较强 ,危害性较大等特点。本文就一些世界范围内广泛传播的典型外来物种进行了列举 ,并对它们的分类、发源地、传入媒介、习性、分布以及由于它们的入侵给当地的生态环境、人类健康、经济带来的不利影响以及当地所采取的一些治理措施等进行了较为详细地阐述。提出控制船舶压载水的排放以及研究较为有效的压载水治理方法是解决压载水携带外来物种入侵性传播的有效途径

Introduced species via ship's ballast water and their effects on the environment and ecology of water area

With the development of global shipping business, ships sail continually over the world. As an effective media, ship's ballast water spreads some species that live in one water area to the others. These species include many sorts and have strong adaptability and harmfulness. In this paper, case histories of some introduced species via ship's ballast water which widely dispersed in the world were given, their characteristics such as sort, source, way of introduction, habit, distribution and their negative effects to indigenous environment and ecology, human health, economy as well as some treatment measures adopted by indigene after their invasion were also introduced. Furthermore, it was indicated that controlling ballast water discharge and studying the effective method for treating ballast water were effective approach that can prohibit the spread of introduced species.