Institution: | 1. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina;2. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Writing - review & editing (equal);3. Dirección de Asuntos Indígenas, Subsecretaría de Derechos Humanos, Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia del Chubut, Rawson, Chubut, Argentina
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);4. International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal);5. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal) |
Abstract: | Ethical discussions around ancient DNA (aDNA) research predate the technological breakthroughs that led to the accelerated generation of ancient genomic data, revealing a long-due need to address these aspects in the field. Given the diverse conflicts that genomics has raised towards the communities associated with the Non-living Human Ancestors under study, it has been suggested that the ethical and legal implications of genetically studying present-day and ancient human populations should be considered case-by-case. Nevertheless, the discussions have focused on US and European perspectives. To contribute from a local and Latin American position to the problem, we present the history of consensus and disagreement of the relationships between scientists and Indigenous communities of the Atlantic coast of the central Argentinian Patagonia. We describe how these relationships resulted in the approval of a groundbreaking provincial law that acknowledges the Indigenous community's right to be involved in decision-making concerning their Ancestors. In addition, we emphasize how these established relationships allowed the development of aDNA studies. With this background, we address the main ethical concerns of genomic studies of Ancestors identified in the reference literature and commit to applying some of the recommendations suggested in those ethical guidelines. Then, we reflect on possible negative consequences of ongoing research and propose some suggestions based on personal experiences that will contribute to moving the ethical field towards a more contextualized science with a local perspective. |