The major Arabidopsis thaliana apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease,ARP is involved in the plant nucleotide incision repair pathway |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 0530040, Almaty, Kazakhstan;2. Groupe «Réparation de l''ADN», Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, CNRS UMR8200, Université Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, F-94805 Villejuif Cedex, France;3. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;4. SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;2. Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland;1. Julius Kühn Institut, Institute for Biosafety in Plant Biotechnology, Erwin Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany;2. Max Plank Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Research Group Autophagy, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;1. Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan;2. Department of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases are important DNA repair enzymes involved in two overlapping pathways: DNA glycosylase-initiated base excision (BER) and AP endonuclease-initiated nucleotide incision repair (NIR). In the BER pathway, AP endonucleases cleave DNA at AP sites and 3'-blocking moieties generated by DNA glycosylases, whereas in NIR, the same AP endonucleases incise DNA 5' to a wide variety of oxidized bases. The flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana contains three genes encoding homologues of major human AP endonuclease 1 (APE1): Arp, Ape1L and Ape2. It has been shown that all three proteins contain AP site cleavage and 3'-repair phosphodiesterase activities; however, it was not known whether the plant AP endonucleases contain the NIR activity. Here, we report that ARP proteins from Arabidopsis and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) contain NIR and 3' → 5' exonuclease activities in addition to their AP endonuclease and 3'-repair phosphodiesterase functions. The steady-state kinetic parameters of reactions indicate that Arabidopsis ARP cleaves oligonucleotide duplexes containing α-anomeric 2'-deoxyadenosine (αdA) and 5,6-dihydrouridine (DHU) with efficiencies (kcat/KM = 134 and 7.3 μM?1·min?1, respectively) comparable to those of the human counterpart. However, the ARP-catalyzed 3'-repair phosphodiesterase and 3' → 5' exonuclease activities (kcat/KM = 314 and 34 μM?1·min?1, respectively) were about 10-fold less efficient as compared to those of APE1. Interestingly, homozygous A. thaliana arp–/– mutant exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, but not to H2O2, suggesting that ARP is a major plant AP endonuclease that removes abasic sites and specific types of oxidative DNA base damage. Taken together, these data establish the presence of the NIR pathway in plants and suggest its possible role in the repair of DNA damage generated by oxidative stress. |
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| Keywords: | oxidative DNA damage organic peroxide hydrogen peroxide alkylating agent apurinic/apyrimidinic sites DNA repair nucleotide incision repair base excision repair AP endonuclease 3'-repair phosphodiesterase |
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